Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and ComputationAlison Gopnik, Laura Schulz Understanding causal structure is a central task of human cognition. Causal learning underpins the development of our concepts and categories, our intuitive theories, and our capacities for planning, imagination and inference. During the last few years, there has been an interdisciplinary revolution in our understanding of learning and reasoning: Researchers in philosophy, psychology, and computation have discovered new mechanisms for learning the causal structure of the world. This new work provides a rigorous, formal basis for theory theories of concepts and cognitive development, and moreover, the causal learning mechanisms it has uncovered go dramatically beyond the traditional mechanisms of both nativist theories, such as modularity theories, and empiricist ones, such as association or connectionism. |
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Page 11
... causal learning by substituting causes for the conditioned stimulus and effects for the unconditioned stimulus. The associative strength between the two variables is then taken as indicating the causal ... reasoning that seem to contradict ...
... causal learning by substituting causes for the conditioned stimulus and effects for the unconditioned stimulus. The associative strength between the two variables is then taken as indicating the causal ... reasoning that seem to contradict ...
Page 13
... causal factor may reduce judgments of a weaker one. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 414–432. Bullock, M., Gelman, R., & Baillargeon, R. (1982). The development of causal reasoning. In W. J. ...
... causal factor may reduce judgments of a weaker one. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 414–432. Bullock, M., Gelman, R., & Baillargeon, R. (1982). The development of causal reasoning. In W. J. ...
Page 15
... causal attribution. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 194,47, 1. Shultz, T. R., Pardo, S., & Altmann, E. (1982). Young children's use of transitive inference in causal ... reasoning in preschoolers. Cognitive ...
... causal attribution. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 194,47, 1. Shultz, T. R., Pardo, S., & Altmann, E. (1982). Young children's use of transitive inference in causal ... reasoning in preschoolers. Cognitive ...
Page 23
... causal judgments and inferences. I suggest that it does: It is involved in or connected to our ability to separate out means and ends in causal reasoning. It is also centrally involved in the whole idea of an intervention, which turns ...
... causal judgments and inferences. I suggest that it does: It is involved in or connected to our ability to separate out means and ends in causal reasoning. It is also centrally involved in the whole idea of an intervention, which turns ...
Page 27
... reasoning, and that they connect causal claims and counterfactuals in something like the way that interventionist and counterfactual theories suggest.9 Since the relevant literature is vast, I focus, for illustrative purposes, on a ...
... reasoning, and that they connect causal claims and counterfactuals in something like the way that interventionist and counterfactual theories suggest.9 Since the relevant literature is vast, I focus, for illustrative purposes, on a ...
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Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation Alison Gopnik,Laura Schulz Limited preview - 2007 |
Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation Alison Gopnik,Laura Schulz Limited preview - 2007 |
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