Indoor Air Quality Engineering: Environmental Health and Control of Indoor PollutantsWritten by experts, Indoor Air Quality Engineering offers practical strategies to construct, test, modify, and renovate industrial structures and processes to minimize and inhibit contaminant formation, distribution, and accumulation. The authors analyze the chemical and physical phenomena affecting contaminant generation to optimize system function and design, improve human health and safety, and reduce odors, fumes, particles, gases, and toxins within a variety of interior environments. The book includes applications in Microsoft Excel®, Mathcad®, and Fluent® for analysis of contaminant concentration in various flow fields and air pollution control devices. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
11 Indoor Air Pollution and Risks | 2 |
12 Management and Assessment of Risk | 9 |
13 Liability | 20 |
14 Indoor Air Pollution Control Strategy | 21 |
15 Fundamental Calculations | 26 |
16 Government Regulations | 43 |
17 Standards | 49 |
513 Makeup Air Operating Costs | 407 |
514 Tunnel Ventilation | 410 |
515 Closure | 420 |
Chapter 5 Problems | 422 |
Present Local Ventilation Practice | 434 |
61 Control of Particles | 438 |
62 Control of Vapors from Open Surface Vessels | 450 |
63 Control Systems for Specific Applications | 455 |
18 Contributions from Professionals | 51 |
19 Components of Industrial Ventilation Systems | 52 |
110 Classification of Ventilation Systems | 53 |
111 Deficiencies in Present Knowledge | 65 |
112 Professional Literature | 66 |
113 Closure | 72 |
Chapter 1 Problems | 74 |
The Respiratory System | 80 |
21 Physiology | 84 |
22 Respiratory Fluid Mechanics | 92 |
23 Analytical Models of Heat and Mass Transfer | 104 |
24 Toxicology | 124 |
25 Sick Buildings | 133 |
26 Bioaerosols | 141 |
27 DoseResponse Characteristics | 147 |
28 Risk Analysis | 159 |
29 Closure | 164 |
Chapter 2 Problems | 165 |
Design Criteria | 170 |
31 Contaminant Exposure Levels | 172 |
32 Instruments to Measure Pollutant Concentration | 180 |
33 Fire and Explosion | 188 |
34 Hearing and Noise | 205 |
35 Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress | 219 |
36 Odors | 228 |
37 Radiation | 233 |
38 General Safety | 235 |
39 Engineering Economics | 237 |
310 Closure | 244 |
Chapter 3 Problems | 245 |
Estimation of Pollutant Emission Rates | 254 |
41 Experimental Measurements | 256 |
42 Empirical Equations | 262 |
43 Emissions Factors | 268 |
44 Puff Diffusion | 273 |
45 Evaporation and Diffusion | 276 |
46 Drop Evaporation | 311 |
47 Leaks | 318 |
48 Closure | 331 |
Chapter 4 Problems | 332 |
General Ventilation and the WellMixed Model | 340 |
52 Thermodynamics of Unventilated Enclosures | 348 |
53 Dilution Ventilation with 100 Makeup Air | 351 |
54 TimeVarying Source Ventilation Flow Rate or Makeup Air Concentration | 358 |
55 Removal by Solid Surfaces | 363 |
56 Recirculation | 367 |
57 Partially Mixed Conditions | 373 |
58 WellMixed Model as an Experimental Tool | 376 |
59 Clean Rooms | 380 |
510 Infiltration and Exfiltration | 385 |
511 SplitFlow Ventilation Booths | 393 |
512 Mean Age of Air and Ventilation Effectiveness | 400 |
64 Bulk Materials Handling | 459 |
65 Canopy Hoods for Buoyant Sources | 463 |
66 Air Curtains for Buoyant Sources | 467 |
67 Surface Treatment | 472 |
68 Building Air Inlets and Exhaust Stacks | 476 |
69 Unsatisfactory Performance | 480 |
610 Exhaust Duct System Design | 481 |
611 Fan Performance and Selection | 492 |
612 Closure | 505 |
Chapter 6 Problems | 506 |
Ideal Flow | 514 |
72 TwoDimensional Potential Flow Fields | 524 |
73 Elementary Planar Ideal Flows | 529 |
74 Elementary Axisymmetric Ideal Flows | 536 |
75 Flanged and Unflanged Inlets in Quiescent Air | 540 |
76 Flanged and Unflanged Inlets in Streaming Flow | 554 |
77 Multiple Flanged Rectangular Inlets | 563 |
78 Flanged Inlets of Arbitrary Shape | 564 |
79 Closure | 567 |
Chapter 7 Problems | 568 |
Motion of Particles | 578 |
82 Statistical Analysis of Aerosols | 580 |
83 Overall Collection Efficiency | 595 |
84 Equations of Particle Motion | 601 |
85 Freely Falling Particles in Quiescent Media | 612 |
86 Horizontally Moving Particles In Quiescent Air | 618 |
87 Gravimetric Settling in a Room | 619 |
88 Gravimetric Settling in Ducts | 621 |
89 Clouds | 626 |
810 Stokes Number | 630 |
811 Inertial Deposition in Curved Ducts | 631 |
812 Closure | 639 |
Chapter 8 Problems | 640 |
Removing Particles from a Gas Stream | 650 |
92 Other Inertial Separation Collectors and Sampling Issues | 656 |
93 Impaction between Moving Particles | 662 |
94 Filtration | 684 |
95 Electrostatic Precipitators | 706 |
96 Engineering Design Selecting and Sizing Particle Collectors | 720 |
97 Hoppers | 722 |
98 Closure | 723 |
Chapter 9 Problems | 725 |
Application of CFD to Indoor Air Quality | 730 |
102 Flow around a Circular Cylinder | 736 |
103 Modeling of Air Flows with Gaseous Contaminants | 741 |
104 Modeling of Aerosol Particle Trajectories | 757 |
105 Closure | 761 |
Chapter 10 Problems | 764 |
Appendices | 770 |
References | 814 |
Index | 842 |
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Common terms and phrases
ACFM ACGIH aerosol air pollution airway alveolar alveoli approximately ASHRAE assumed baghouse benzene booth calculated carbon chemical cleaning coefficient collection efficiency computed constant contaminant cyclone defined density diffusion duct dust cake emission factors enclosure engineers equation estimate example exhaust exposure filter flanged flow field flow rate Q fluid function heat Henry's law hood hydrocarbons indoor air indoor air quality industrial inlet kg/m³ kmol leak liquid lung make-up air mass concentration mass flow rate mass transfer material methyl mg/m³ mol fraction molecular odor OSHA oxygen parameter partial pressure predict ratio removed Reynolds number SCFM shown in Figure slot solution species speed standard steady-state stream stream function streamlines surface temperature toluene tunnel turbulent U₁ unflanged units V₁ velocity potential ventilation system vessel volume volumetric flow rate well-mixed workers workplace