Bubble Chambers for Nuclear Physics Experiments

4.4 milliseconds all-glass bubble chambers all-glass chambers alpha particle amplifier apparatus applied pressure atmosphere beam bridge voltage bubble chamber Bubble density versus bulb cathode chassis cloud chamber coil compressed gas condenser Cosmotron Counter-controlled photograph curve cycle delay diameter diaphragm diethyl ether duration equilibrium Ether at 154 expansion mechanism film flash lamp flat glass fully sensitive gaskets given in Fig Glaser grid heat heater HELIPOT inch interaction ionization isobutane isopentane K meson latent image lifetime light magnetic Manually-cycled microfarads microseconds minimum-ionizing particles momentum Number of bubbles O-ring observed obtained operating point oscillations output oven phantastron timing circuit phase detector pickup picture taken piston plate propane protons pulse Ra source radiation recompression resistor resolution rubber saturated vapor pressure Schematic seal Series of pictures signal six-inch chamber superheat superheated superheated liquid switch Teflon temperature control circuits thermistor thyratron transformer triggered the flash tube two-inch chamber University of Michigan valve vapor pressure volts