Islam and Politics in East Africa: The Sufi Order in Tanzania

activities adherents administration African Association African Muslims Ahmad Ahmadiyya Alawiyya AMNUT areas Baga Bagamoyo Baluchi became benefits branch British brotherhoods century cleavage coast colonial period conflict Dar es Salaam dhikr dispute district commissioner district officer Diwani East Africa ethnic European Fereji Gulamrasul Hadrami Arab Ibadi ijaza important Indians influence Interview with Mzee Interview with Shaykh Islam in East Islamic law Kenya Kilwa leadership liwali mainland major Manyema Mawlid mosque murids Muslim community nationalist Omani organization party percent plantations political population position precolonial provincial commissioner qadi Qadiri Qadiriyya religion religious rituals role rulers Salaam Sayyid settlements Shadhiliyya Shaykh Abd Allah Shaykh Abu Bakr Shaykh Hassan Shaykh Muhammad Shaykh Mzee Shaykh Ramiya Shaykh Uways Shaykh Zahur Shirazi Shomvi Shomvi-Shirazi slavery social Somalia status sufi sultan Sunni community Swahili Swahili society Tabora TANU Tanzania tariqa trade traditional Ujiji ulama Umar University Press Zanzibar Zigua