Muslims and Missionaries in Pre-Mutiny India

accounts Agra Akbar al-Din al-haqq Al-i Hasan al-Masih Arabic arguments ashraf Awadh Baghdad Basel Bengal Bible Biblical British cAbbasid Calcutta cAli Caliph certainly Christ Christian circles Company Company’s conflict controversy conversion corruption criticism darbar debate Delhi Delhi College discussion doctrine earlier early Emperor encounter English European evangelical Fatehpur Sikri Fathers first Gangetic core region Gospels Henry Martyn Hindu Ibid Indian Muslims influence initial Islam Jesuit journal judicial Kairana later letters London Lucknow madrasa Maulana Rahmat Allah Maulawi medieval mission missionary activity Missionary Society Mizan Mufti Mughal court Muhammad mujtahid munazara munshi munsif Muslim disputants nevertheless nineteenth century north India northern India Persian Pfander polemical preaching Prophet published qasbah Qur’an Ram Chandra recorded reflected refutation religion religious Sadr Sayyid Sayyid Ahmad Sayyid Muhammad scholarly scriptures seems Shah cAbd Shi°i significant subsequent sufi tahrif Testament Thomas Valpy French tracts traditional translation Trinity ulama Urdu William Muir Wolff