Social Aggression Among GirlsWhile several recent popular books address the topic of girls' "meanness" to one another, this volume offers the first balanced, scholarly analysis of scientific knowledge in this area. Integrating current research on emotion regulation, gender, and peer relations, the book examines how girls are socialized to experience and express anger and aggression from infancy through adolescence. Considered are the developmental functions of such behaviors as gossip, friendship manipulation, and social exclusion; consequences for both victims and perpetrators; and approaches to intervention and prevention. Presenting innovative research models and methods, this is an accessible and much-needed synthesis for researchers, professionals, and students. Key Features: * Hot topic, garnering coverage in general media (e.g., The New York Times Magazine) * Accessibly written, with examples clarifying abstract points * Covers and integrates both physical and social aggression |
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Contents
Girls Anger and Aggression The Bind between Feeling Angry and Being Nice | 3 |
THE BIND AND WHY SOCIAL AGGRESSION MAY BE A WAY OUT | 6 |
OVERVIEW OF THIS BOOK | 9 |
Childhood Aggression Sticks and Stones and Social Exclusion | 13 |
SUBTYPES OF AGGRESSION | 16 |
INDIRECT AGGRESSION | 18 |
SOCIAL AGGRESSION | 21 |
RELATIONAL AGGRESSION | 22 |
SUMMARY | 129 |
FUTURE RESEARCH | 132 |
Adolescence Girl Talk Moral Negotiation and Strategic Interactions to Inflict Social Harm | 134 |
FORMS OF ANGRY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS | 136 |
ORIGINS AND EXPLANATIONS FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS ANGER AND AGGRESSION | 153 |
SUMMARY | 172 |
FUTURE RESEARCH | 177 |
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS | 179 |
SOCIAL AGGRESSION REVISITED | 23 |
PERILS PITFALLS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS | 25 |
WHY SOCIAL AGGRESSION? | 32 |
Gender and Peer Relations Separate Worlds? | 35 |
TWO CULTURES THEORY | 37 |
TWO CULTURES THEORY AND RESEARCH ON PEER RELATIONS | 41 |
RECONCILING DISCREPANT FINDINGS | 46 |
DANGERS OF ACCEPTING TWO CULTURES THEORY WHOLESALE | 49 |
TESTABLE QUESTIONS | 51 |
DEVELOPMENT | 55 |
Girls Anger in Infancy Early Lessons That Anger Is Unwelcome | 57 |
BEGINNING AUTONOMY AND ANGER | 58 |
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INFANTS ANGER EXPRESSIONS | 59 |
CHILD GENDER AND PARENTAL SOCIALIZATION | 60 |
WHAT IS THE AGE OF ONSET FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION? | 62 |
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 63 |
Girls Anger and Aggression in Preschool If You Dont Do What I Say I Wont Be Your Friend | 65 |
FORMS OF ANGRY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG PRESCHOOL GIRLS | 66 |
ORIGINS AND EXPLANATIONS FOR PRESCHOOL GIRLS ANGER AND AGGRESSION | 77 |
WHY MIGHT PRESCHOOL GIRLS PREFER SOCIAL TO PHYSICAL AGGRESSION? | 88 |
FUTURE RESEARCH | 91 |
Middle Childhood Gossip Gossip Evil Thing? | 93 |
FORMS OF ANGRY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG GIRLS IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD | 95 |
ORIGINS AND EXPLANATIONS FOR GIRLS ANGER AND AGGRESSION IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD | 115 |
Developmental and Psychosocial Consequences of Girls Aggression | 181 |
CONCURRENT PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH AGGRESSION IN GIRLS | 183 |
CLINICAL OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH GIRLS AGGRESSION | 187 |
CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING RESEARCH ON AGGRESSION IN GIRLS | 191 |
SOCIAL AGGRESSION INTO ADULTHOOD | 202 |
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 206 |
Prevention and Intervention Harnessing the Power of Sisterhood | 208 |
WHY INTERVENE TO REDUCE OR PREVENT SOCIAL AGGRESSION? | 210 |
WHY NOT INTERVENE? | 212 |
HOW TO INTERVENE | 213 |
ADAPTING OTHER APPROACHES | 214 |
CLUES FROM EMPIRICAL RESEARCH | 220 |
CHALLENGES FOR INTERVENING TO REDUCE OR PREVENT SOCIAL AGGRESSION | 227 |
STRENGTHS OF GIRLS TO HARNESS FOR INTERVENTION | 229 |
New Models of Social Aggression For Its Own Sake | 231 |
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED FROM LIKENING SOCIAL TO PHYSICAL AGGRESSION? | 232 |
ARE GIRLS AND BOYS EQUALLY AGGRESSIVE AND DOES THIS QUESTION REALLY MATTER? | 233 |
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL AGGRESSION THAT MAY REQUIRE NEW MODELS AND METHODS | 234 |
POSSIBILITIES FOR NEW MODELS | 236 |
SOCIAL AGGRESSION AS DISPARAGEMENT | 243 |
TOP 10 HOPES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON SOCIAL AGGRESSION | 248 |
253 | |
291 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adolescent girls adolescents adult aggression among girls aggressive behavior anger and aggression angry antisocial behavior Attribution Bias Bjorkqvist bullying Cairns chapter child cial Coie conduct disorder contexts Crick & Grotpeter Cultures Theory Developmental Psychology discussion emotion regulation engage in social evidence examined express anger feel forms of aggression friends friendships gender differences gender stereotypes girls and boys girls engage girls reported goals gossip grade gression harm hurt important indirect aggression interactions intervention investigators involved Lagerspetz less longitudinal study Maccoby manipulation Mettetal middle childhood mothers negative emotions nonverbal observational study outcomes overt aggression parents peer groups peer nominations peer relations research perhaps physical aggression preschool girls problems Psychology rated reduce social aggression rela relational aggression relationships research to date responses romantic rough-and-tumble play same-gender sample self-reports Serbin sion social aggres social exclusion social networks social rejection specific strategies subtypes teachers tion types understand verbal aggression victimization
Popular passages
Page 258 - Capaldi, DM, & Crosby, L. (1997). Observed and reported psychological and physical aggression in young, at-risk couples.
Page 258 - JE, & Cairns, BD (1985). Social structure and social cognition in early adolescence: Affiliative patterns. Journal of Early Adolescence, 5, 339-355.
Page 289 - Xie, H., Swift, DJ, Cairns, BD, & Cairns, RB (2002). Aggressive behaviors in social interaction and developmental adaptation: A narrative analysis of interpersonal conflicts during early adolescence. Social Development, 28, 341355.