there is good reason to believe that Clement, a presbyter of Alexandria in Egypt, A.D. 184, and a man of almost universal reading, had never seen it. A Gospel according to Peter, was another of the most ancient books of this kind; yet Serapion, bishop of Antioch, A.d. 200, had not read it, when he heard of such a book being in the hands of the Christians of Rhossus in Cilicia; and speaks of obtaining a sight of this Gospel from some sectaries who used it. Even of the Gospel of the Hebrews, which confessedly stands at the head of the catalogue, Jerome, at the end of the fourth century, was glad to procure a copy by the favour of the Nazarenes of Berea. Nothing of this sort ever happened, or could have happened, concerning our Gospels.

One thing is observable of all the apocryphal Christian writings, namely, that they proceed upon the same fundamental history of Christ and His Apostles, as that which is disclosed in our Scriptures. The Mission of Christ, His power of working miracles, His communication of that power to the Apostles, His passion, death, and resurrection, are assumed or asserted by every one of them. The names under which some of them came forth are the names of men of emi

nence in our histories. What these books give, are not contradictions, but unauthorized additions. The principal facts are supposed, the principal agents the same; which shows, that these points were too much fixed to be altered or disputed.

If there be any book of this description, which appears to have imposed upon some considerable number of learned Christians, it is the Sibylline oracles; but, when we reflect upon the circumstances which facilitated that imposture, we shall cease to wonder either at the attempt or its success. It was at that time universally understood, that such a prophetic writing existed. Its contents were kept secret. This situation afforded to some one a hint, as well as an opportunity, to give out a writing under this name, favourable to the already established persuasion of Christians, and which writing, by the aid and recommendation of these circumstances, would in some degree, it is probable, be received. Of the ancient forgery we know but little: what is now produced, could not, in my opinion, have imposed upon any one. It is nothing else than the Gospel history, woven into verse; perhaps was at first rather a fiction than a forgery; an exercise of ingenuity, more than an attempt to deceive.

S

CHAPTER X.

RECAPITULATION.

THE reader will now be pleased to recollect that the two points which form the subject of our present discussion, are, first, that the Founder of Christianity, His associates, and immediate followers, passed their lives in labours, dangers, and sufferings; secondly, that they did so, in attestation of the miraculous history recorded in our Scriptures, and solely in consequence of their belief of the truth of that history.

The argument, by which these two propositions have been maintained by us, stands thus:

No historical fact, I apprehend, is more certain, than that the original propagators of Christianity voluntarily subjected themselves to lives of fatigue, danger, and suffering, in the prosecution of their undertaking. The nature of the undertaking; the character of the persons employed in it; the opposition of their tenets to the fixed opinions and expectations of the country in which they first advanced them; their undissembled condemnation of the religion of all other

countries; their total want of power, authority, or force; render it in the highest degree probable that this must have been the case. The probability is increased by what we know of the fate of the Founder of the institution, who was put to death for His attempt;1 and by what we also know of the cruel treatment of the converts to the institution, within thirty years after its commencement; both which points are attested by Heathen writers; and, being once admitted, leave it very incredible that the primitive emissaries of the religion, who exercised their ministry, first, among the people who had destroyed their Master, and afterwards, among those who persecuted their converts, should themselves escape

1 This is hardly accurate. Our Lord was not put to death for attempting the propagation of Christianity, but for exposing the hypocrisy of the leading religionists of the day; and, at the closing scene, for His unequivocal claim to be the Messiah and the Son of God (see Mark xiv. 62). Nor did His enemies charge Him before Pilate with innovations in religion, but with treason against Cæsar (Luke xxiii. 2). Our Lord was the subject rather than the prophet of Christianity: to propagate the new faith was the work of His Apostles. The same remark applies to our author's statement at p. 53, that the "Founder of Christianity, from the commencement of His ministry to the time of His violent death, employed Himself wholly in publishing the institution in Judea and Galilee." Christianity, as an "institution," occupies but a small share of our Lord's discourses.-EDITOR.

with impunity, or pursue their purpose in ease and safety.

This probability, thus sustained by foreign testimony, is advanced, I think, to historical certainty, by the evidence of our own books; by the accounts of a writer who was the companion of the persons whose sufferings he relates; by the letters of the persons themselves; by predictions of persecutions ascribed to the Founder of the religion, which predictions would not have been inserted in His history, much less have been studiously dwelt upon, if they had not accorded with the event, and which, even if falsely ascribed to Him, could only have been so ascribed, because the event suggested them; lastly, by incessant exhortations to fortitude and patience, and by an earnestness, repetition, and urgency upon the subject, which were unlikely to have appeared, if there had not been at the time some extraordinary call for the exercise of these virtues.

It is made out also, I think, with sufficient evidence, that both the teachers and converts of the religion, in consequence of their new profession, took up a new course of life and behaviour.

The next great question is, what they did this FOR.

That it was for a miraculous story of some