Word, (λoyo;) like the corresponding Hebrew noun, fignifies a matter, or thing, or affair, of any kind. Matt. v. 32. Whosoever fball put away his wife, (magentos λoys #ogveias) except for the affair of fornication.-Matt. xxi. 24. I also will ask you (iva noyov) one thing*.—A&s x. 29. I ask therefore, (TM (purpose) ye fent for me*.-Acts xix. 38. accufation. Cor. xv. 2. If ye remember (Tu Aoy) in what manner, &c.

λoy) for what intent Aoyou exrow, Have an Λογον εχεσιν,

Word (Aoyos) fignifies likewise a command. Exod. xxxiv. 28. He wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, (LXX. 785 δεκα oys) the ten commandments*. John x. 35. If he called them gods to whom (royos) the command of God came. -1 Tim. vi. 3. Confent not to wholesome (royois, words) commands, even (λoyois to the words) to the commands of our Lord Jefus Chrift.

Word (yes) sometimes fignifies a sentence of a difcourse. Rom. xiii. 9. And if there be any other commandment, it is briefly fummed UP (EV TUTWTW MOVW) in this fentence; namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.-1 Cor. xiv. 19. In the church I had rather Speak (πEVTE λoy8s) five fentences with my meaning underflood, than ten thousand (λoys) sentences, &c.

Word (pnua) likewife fignifies a matter, or thing, of any kind. Luke ii. 19. Mary kept (πavтa тa gnuara) all these things*.

61. PRONOUNS.-The primitive fubftantive pronoun is, he, muft be distinguished from the adjective pronoun is, ǹ, ô, who, which. Matt. xiv. 17. C. de 2e7801, They fay unto him.-Acts viii. 27Who bad come to Jerufalem to worship; (s) He had the charge of all her treasures.-Acts xiii. 30. But God raised him from the dead, ( is opIn) and he was seen many days*.—Col. i. 15. ‘05, He, (God's beloved Son, mentioned ver. 13.) is the image of the invisible God. Ver. 18. Os, He is the beginning.— Heb. v. 6. Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchifedeck. 7. 05 He (Christ, mentioned ver. 5.) in the days of his fiefb, when he had offered up prayers, &c.

62. The facred writers, to give the greater emphasis to their discourse, sometimes join two relatives with one antecedent. 1 Pet. ii. 24. Os τas aμagτias nμwv autos, Who his own felf bare our fins*. I Cor. ii. 9. "A for Taura, Thefe things eye hath not feen, &c. (a,) which God hath prepared, &c.-Rom. xiv. 14. To him who reckons any thing to be unclean, (exevy) to that man it is unclean.

I 4

63. The

63. The relative pronouns, in many cafes, refer not to the near, but to the remote antecedent. Luke v. 17. The power of the Lord was prefent to heal (aures) them: Not the pharifees, who are mentioned immediately before, but fuch fick people as were in the crowd.-2 Theff. ii. 8. Shall render ineffectual, by the brightness of his coming, () of avhom the coming is after the ftrong working of Satan. Here, of whom, refers not to the Lord, the immediate antecedent, but to the lawless one, mentioned in the first part of ver. 8.

We know that when he

fhall be like Christ, of

64. The relative pronoun is sometimes used to denote an antecedent, not mentioned before, but which the writer is thinking of in his own mind. Thus 2 Pet. ii. 11. Aurav, Them, is not put for dotas, dignities, mentioned ver. 10. but for the evil angels, of whom nothing is faid.-1 John iii. 2. fhall appear, we fhall be like (avry) him, we whom nothing is spoken before.-Ver. 16. Eneuvos, He, ftands for Chrift, of whom there is no mention made in what goes before. -Heb. ii. 7. Thou haft made him for a little while less than angels; namely, The Son; as is plain from ver. 8, 9.-1 Pet. iii. Be not afraid of their terror. Here the relative their hath no antecedent expreffed.

14.

65. The relative pronoun autos is fometimes used for yw aulos ou aulos, I myself, thou thyself; and ala for me; aulo, &c. Acts. xxiv. 8. By examining of whom (avlos) thot thyself mayeft, take knowledge of all these things*.-Matt. xxiii. 37. Jerufalem—thou that foneft them which are fent to thee, gos culm for пgos σexlv, fent to thyself.

προς

66. When words of different genders are the antecedents, though the relative takes the gender of the mafculine word, it comprehends the whole. Heb. i. 11. Aviol, They (ougavo nai jn) fball perish.-Sometimes the relative takes the gender of its confequent. See Col. i. 27.-Sometimes the relative differs in gender from its antecedent, regarding the meaning of the antecedent rather than its form as in the following examples, Gal. iv. 19. Col. ii. 15. 19. Of this folecifm Beza has given an example, from Euripides, in his note on Col. ii. 19.

67. The relative pronoun iso, called by Clenard the fubjoined article, is fometimes ufed for the demonftrative &тos, autη, T&TO, Clenard. Gram. p. 166. Of this ufe of the relative pronoun, we

1 Pet. iv. 5. Oi for

have examples in the New Teftament. sto, They shall give an account to him, &c.-1 Pet. ii. 8. 'Ois Thefe ftumble at the word.-Scapula also observes that the Greek writers ufe the relative in the fame manner. Ως τι γ' αμφιεπόν τάφον Έκτορος ἱπποδαμοίο. Iliad, laft ver. I am therefore of opinion, that, in the following paffages, the relative, though compounded with Tig, is used for the demonftrative &To1. Acts xxiii. 33. OITIVES, Thefe (the horsemen) going into Cefarea, and delivering the letter to the governor, prefented Paul.-Acts xxiv. 1 ̧ CITIES, Thefe, namely, Ananias, the elders, and Tertullus, informed, &c.-Rom. i. 32. OITIES, Thefe men knowing the law of Οιτινες, God, that they who do fuch things, &c.-Rom. xvi. 4.—*Oitives, Thefe perfons for my life laid down their own necks.-2 Theff. i. 9. OTIVES, Thefe fhall fuffer. See, however, No. 71.

68. The demonftrative pronoun rato, this, often denotes fome thing that follows in the difcourfe. John vii. 22. Δια τατό, For this reafon Mofes gave you circumcifion, not because it is of Mofes, but of the fathers.—Rom. iv. 16. Δια τετο, For this reafen it is by faith, that fit might be by grace.-1 Cor. vii. 6. Taro de, But this (that follows) I speak by way of advice. Cor. xi. 17. Taтo de Taşayyɛλwv, Now declaring this, that follows, I praise you not, that ye come together, &c.-1 Tim. i. 16. But (dix 1870) for this reafon I received mercy, that in me, &c.-2 Tim. ii. 10. Δια 7870, For this cause I patiently bear evil for the elect's fake, that they also may, &c.-2 Tim. iii. 1. T&To de, This know alfo, that in the last days, &c.—Philem. ver. 15. Aix TTÖ, For this reafon, perhaps, he was feparated for a little while, that thou mightest have him for rver.—Heb. ix. 15. Ala T8T0, For this caufe he is the Mediator of the new covenant, that by means of death, &c.*-Wherefore Rom. v. 11, 12. may be thus tranflated: By whom we have received the reconciliation, (da T&To) for this reafon, as by one man fia entered, &c.

69. ARTICLES.-The article o, n, ro, fhows that the word to which it is prefixed, fignifies a particular perfon, or thing; consequently it renders that word emphatical. Thus ang, is not a man, or any man, but the man of whom the difcourfe is. Now, though in general the article renders a word emphatical, it is fometimes used where no emphasis is intended; fo that the word to which it is prefixed must be tranflated as if the article were wanting

wanting. Of both these uses of the article, the following is an example. 2 Theff. ii. 3. Unless there come (ǹ añosasia) the apoftacy, and (o avdewños τns àμagrias) the man of fin be revealed. For the article is emphatical, except before auagrias, which must be tranflated as if the article were wanting. On the other hand, fome words which want the article are emphatical, and must be tranflated as if the article were prefixed. Matt. i. 18. Was found with child (ε πVEUμат άzie) of the Holy Ghoft*.- Mark i. 1. The beginning of the gospel of Jefus Chrift, (ou ε8) the Son of God*.-John iii. 6. That which is begotten (vevμaτos of the Spirit, namely, of God.-Gal. iii. 5. E egywv vous, fignifies by έργων works of the law. -Heb. ii. 4. MegioμS VEUμAT ȧyse, Diftributions of the Holy Ghoft.-Wherefore Titus ii. 13. may, as was obferved on the fign of the genitive case, No. 25. be tranflated, appearing of the glory of the great God (και σωτηρG ήμων) and of our Saviour Jefus Chrift.-1 Pet. iv. 6. Condemned by men (o azuı) in the fefb, but live by God (vvμars) in the Spirit.

render the word definite, or emput for τις, and may be tranf O pagirasos, Some pharifees.Οι φαρισαιοι,

70. When the article does not phatical, in its fignification, it is lated fome, an; as Matt. ix. 11. Matt. ix. 28. He went (15 Tny onsav) into an house.-Matt. xxv. 1Went out to meet (T8 DuμQ8) a bridegroom.-1 Cor. i. 11. Y. Ὑπο Twy Xλons, By fome belonging to Chloe.

71. Clenard, (Gram. p. 165.) speaking of the prefixed articles •,, τo, fays, " Capiuntur et pro demonftrativis pronominibus ;

τον, pro estov, hunc ; την pro ταυτην, hanc : id quod crebrum "eft adjectis conjunctionibus de et ye; ode, nde, Tode; ¿ye, üye, 66 τογε; pro έτος, αυτή, τ8το. Et idem in reliquis cafibus, tyde, σε τώδε, τονδε, pro τότε, τέτω, τατον.” Of this ufe of the article we have many examples in fcripture. Matt. xxiv. 32. Learn (Tn Tapalony) this parable from the fig-tree, &c.- Acts ix. 2. That if he found any (rns ids) of this way*.-Acts xxiv. 22. When Felix heard these things, having perfect knowledge (πegi TMns ods) concerning this way.-Rom. xvi. 22. I Tertius who wrote (Tv) this epiftle*.—-1 Cor. v. 9. I have written (ev TY Emisoλn) in this letter, &c.—2 Cor. vii. II. Ye have approved yourselves to be clear (Eu τw gaуuarı) in this matter*.-Col. iv. 16. When () this epifile is read*.-1 Theff. iv. 6. Go beyond, or defraud his

brother

brother (sv Tw) in this matter.-2 Theff. iii. 14. If any one obey not (τῳ λόγῳ ήμων δια της επιτολής) our command by this letter.

72. The article is fometimes ufed for the perfonal pronoun, ös, be. Matt. xiii. 40. O de σnagus, But he that received the feed*. -Matt. xiv. 18. O de EITEV, But he said*.—Gal. iii. 5. He therefore that miniftreth the Spirit*.-Col. iii. 25. O de, But be that doth wrong*.-Heb. vii. 6. O de un vevearoyɣuevos, But he whofe defcent is not counted*.-This use of the article, affords an eafy tranflation of that difficult paffage, Rom. vi. 10. O yag γαρ anεdave, For he who died, died by fin: (de (n) But he who liveth, &c.

73. The article, in all its genders and cafes, is often put for the relative pronoun is, ǹ, ò̟, and must be tranflated who, which. Mark xii. 38. Beware of the fcribes, (Twv Jeλovτwv) which love to go in long clothing*.-Rom. ix. 5. o wv, for os εs, Who is over all, God bleffed, &c*.-Sometimes the article in this sense is understood, and must be fupplied. 1 Tim. iv. 2. Through the bypocrify of liars (κεκαυτηριασμένων, for των κεκαυτηριασμένων) who are feared.-Ver. 3. Kwλvovτwv, for Twv nwhovтwv, Who forbid to

marry.

74. In many inftances where the article is put for the relative pronoun, the substantive verb is understood, and must be sup. plied in the tranflation. 2 Cor. viii. 22. Much more diligent upon the great truft (ņ εis nμas) which he bath in you.—2 Cor. ix. 3. That our boafting (то Vπeg iμwv) which is concerning you.

PARTICLES.

75. Lowth, in his English Grammar, page 32. obferves, "That the connective parts of sentences, by which he means re«latives, prepofitions, and conjunctions, are the most important of "all, and require the greatest care and attention: for it is by "them chiefly that the train of thought, the course of reasoning, "and the whole progress of the mind, in continued discourse of "all kinds, is laid open; and on the right use of these, per

fpicuity, which is the first and greatest beauty of ftyle, de"pends." This obfervation, which is perfectly just, shews, that, in a tranflation of any difcourfe from one language into another, it is of the utmost importance that the meanings and

powers