Treatment of gummosis with carbolineum, C. C. MILLER (Mo. Bul. Cal. Com. Hort., 7 (1918), No. 8, pp. 488–493, figs. 4).—The purpose of this article is to re port a treatment of lemon trees with Avernarius carbolineum for gummosis. This is said to be produced by two distinct fungi, Pythiacystis citrophthora and Botrytis vulgaris, the former being much more difficult to control than the latter, especially in young trees.

Carbolineum has been shown to penetrate broken surfaces and destroy the fungus causing gummosis, though it has some drawbacks, one of which is said to be that it is a German product. The advantages and disadvantages of Bordeaux mixture and corrosive sublimate are discussed.

Fungus blights of tea in northeast India during the season 1916 (Indian Tea Assoc., Sci. Dept. Quart. Jour., No. 2 (1917), pp. 62-65).—A brief report is given regarding the presence in certain districts or localities of the blister blight (Exobasidium vexans), copper blight (Læstadia camellia), brown blight and dieback (Colletotrichum camellia, Glæosporium sp., and Glomerella cingulata), gray blight (Pestalozzia sp.), rim blight (Alternaria sp. and physiological causes), canker (Nectria sp., mechanical injuries, insects, etc.), red rust (Cephaleuros virescens), thread blight (a sterile mycelium), and root diseases (Hymenochate noxia. Ustilina zonata, Thyridaria tarda, and Rosellinia both

rina).

A new anthracnose of Euonymus japonica, T. HEMMI (Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan, 1 (1918), No. 1, pp. 9-15).-The author gives an account of a disease of E. japonica, said to be caused by a fungus which is considered a Gloeosporium, but probably of no species previously known. It appears to be an active parasite, attacking unwounded leaves of this plant, also of E. radicans. The author describes the organism as a new species under the name G. euonymicolum.

Dry rot of gladiolus, L. M. MASSEY (Abs. in Phytopathology, 8 (1918), No. 2, pp. 71, 72). The author states that dry rot is one of the most common corm diseases of gladiolus. The corms become infected in the field and in storage many are reduced to dry mummies. No spores of the causal organism have been found, but numerous small sclerotia are found on diseased plants which are readily formed in cultures. At present the author refers the organism to Sclerotium.

White pine blister rust (The Committee on the Suppression of the Pine Blis ter Rust in North America, 1918, pp. 40).—This bulletin is a compilation by H. A. Reynolds of the brief statements furnished by workers in various States and Provinces in response to an inquiry instituted by The Committee on the Suppression of the Pine Blister Rust in North America at the conference held in Pittsburgh November 12-13, 1917.

The outlook is regarded as anything but encouraging. In every State where the disease has gained a real foothold, it has spread with great rapidity, indicating a long and expensive application of control measures. Effective control work is expected to require the combined efforts of the Federal and Dominion Governments, the States and Provinces, and also of local communities and owners producing white pine.

The territorial division of the problem, as stated previously by H. Metcalf (E. S. R., 36, p. 454), is said to remain unchanged. The situation west of the Mississippi River remains hopeful, and the same is measurably true of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Hudson River. East of the Hudson, the situation, it is stated, could hardly be worse, infection of Ribes (the more apparent phase of the disease) being general in this section. Massachusetts is most seriously infected. It is considered probable that the white pine blister rust is here to stay.

Results of scientific investigations during the previous season are summarized. Abnormal leaf fall of Hevea, W. MCRAE (Planters' Chron., 12 (1917), No. 39, pp. 487-490, fig. 1).—Reporting further on the Phytophthora disease of Hevea previously noted (E. S. R., 38, p. 554), the author states that the preventive measures tested, which consisted in the destruction of diseased branches and fruits, have been measurably successful in keeping down the disease.

ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY-ENTOMOLOGY.

Smaller mammals of North America, E. W. NELSON (Nat. Geogr. Mag., 33 (1918), No. 5, pp. 371–493, figs. 88).—In this paper 65 small mammals are dealt with. Colored illustrations of 59 of these by L. A. Feurtes accompany the account, together with drawings of the tracks of 19 by Ernest Thompson Seton. On the fauna of Great Salt Lake, A. WETMORE (Amer. Nat., 51 (1917), No. 612, pp. 753-755).

Revision of the rodent genus Aplodontia, W. P. TAYLOR (Univ. Cal. Pubs. Zool., 17 (1918), No. 16, pp. 435–504, pls. 5, figs. 16).-The rodents of this genus known as mountain beaver, of which thirteen forms are recognized, are herbivorous, colonial, nocturnal, and fossorial. Although locally they do some damage to man's interests, their habitat is such that for the most part they are of no economic significance. They burrow holes in ditch walls along the line of the Southern Pacific in the Sierra Nevada in California; in Oregon they undermine Government trails, causing them to be washed out; and in western Washington considerable complaint has been made of their depredations on crops, particularly small fruits. Their skins are of little or no value.

Spirocheta icterohemorrhagia in the common rat in England, A. C. COLES (Lancet [London], 1918, I, No. 13, pp. 468, 469, fig. 1).—An examination by the author of 100 rats collected in the vicinity of Bournemouth showed 9 per cent to harbor this spirochete.

The book of birds, edited by G. GROSVENOR (Washington, D. C.: Nat. Geogr. Soc., 1918 pp. VIII+195, figs. 279).—The several articles here presented are as follows: Common Birds of Town and Country (pp. 1-73), substantially noted from another source (E. S. R., 31, p. 547), and Friends of Our Forests-the Warblers (pp. 74-97), by H. W. Henshaw; World Record for Feathered Friends, by G. Grosvenor (pp. 98, 99); How Birds Can Take Their Own Portraits, by G. Shiras, 3d (pp. 101-104); American Game Birds, by H. W. Henshaw, including a list and index of American game birds (pp. 105-159); Encouraging Birds Around the Home, by F. H. Kennard (pp. 160-179); and Our Greatest Travelers, by W. W. Cooke (pp. 180-195), substantially noted from another source (E. S. R., 33, p. 57).

The 250 illustrations in color are reproductions of paintings by L. A. Fuertes. Catalogue of birds of the Americas, C. B. CORY (Pubs. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. [Chicago], Zool. Ser., 13 (1918), pt. 2, pp. 315, pl. 1).—This is the second part, the first to be issued, of a work intended to include all the species and subspecies of birds known to occur in North America (from the Arctic Islands, Greenland, and Alaska, southward), Middle America (including Mexico and Central America), the West Indies and islands of the Caribbean Sea, South America, and adjacent islands of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans having faunal relationship. It takes up the families Bubonidæ, Tytonidæ, Psittacidæ, Steatornithidæ, Alcedinidæ, Todidæ, Momotidæ, Nyctibiidæ, Caprimulgidæ, Cypselidæ, and Trochilidæ.

In Audubon's Labrador, C. W. TOWNSEND (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1918, pp. XII+354, pls. 34).-This work, based upon observations made during

several trips to eastern Labrador, contains much information relative to the economic ornithology of Labrador.

Attracting birds to public and semipublic reservations, W. L. MCATEE (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 715 (1918), pp. 12, figs. 4). This summary of information was prepared for general distribution among organizations and individuals interested in the protection of wild birds and is of particular value to those in charge of parks, cemeteries, and other public and semipublic reservations. It is one of the series previously noted (E. S. R., 38, p. 556).

On the value of the different methods of estimating the stomach contents of wild birds, W. E. COLLINGE (Scot. Nat., No. 77 (1918), pp. 103-108, figs. 2).— The chief advantages found in the percentage by bulk or volumetric method of estimating the amount of food in the stomachs of birds are pointed out.

A monostome of the genus Collyriclum occurring in the European sparrow, with observations on the development of the ovum, E. E. TYZZER (Jour, Med. Research, 38 (1918), No. 2, pp. 267-292, pls. 5).—A report of studies of a trematode found in dermal cysts occurring in young sparrows (Passer domesti cus) killed in the vicinity of Boston, Mass., which corresponds closely to the European species C. faba.

Entomology, A. W. MORRILL (Arizona Sta. Rpt. 1916, pp. 294, 295).—In control work with the clover seed chalcid fly due to unfavorable conditions no definite results were obtained. In further work with the harvester ant (E. S. R., 35, p. 551) a total of 74 nests were found and treated, including many weak colonies, by the method previously described, an average of only 1.3 oz. of London purple being needed during the season for each nest.

During an outbreak of one of the false chinch bugs (Nysius minutus), closely related to the common false chinch bug (N. erica), which took place in the Salt River Valley in the spring of 1916, a number of crops of which Irish potatoes and flax are the most important were more or less seriously injured. Experimental control work, which was limited to small plats of flax, led to the invention of a special galvanized-iron collector devised to be used with a film of kerosene on water in the collecting pan as in ordinary hopperdozers, which proved satisfactory. A similar device on wheels which can be pushed at walking pace along the rows has been constructed for use on large acreages of flax in southern Arizona, where flaxseed is a most promising crop. The prin cipal source of the bugs seems to have been the common pig weed (Chenopodium album), on which they may be destroyed by means of blast torches of strong sprays of kerosene emulsion. On vegetable crops nicotin sulphate-whale-oil soap solution was recommended.

Seventeenth report of the State entomologist of Connecticut for the year 1917, W. E. BRITTON (Connecticut State Sta. Bul. 203 (1918), pp. 231–370, pls. 32, figs. 4).—Following reports upon the inspection of nurseries and of apiaries suppression work against the gipsy and brown-tail moths is discussed by W. E. Britton and I. W. Davis (pp. 246-258). W. E. Britton and M. P. Zappe report briefly upon experiments carried on in two apple orchards in spraying to control aphids (Aphis sorbi and A. pomi) and the false red bug (Lygidea mendar) (pp. 259-262), the results of which are summarized in tabular form. A summarized account of the striped cucumber beetle and means for its control by Q. S. Lowry (pp. 262-273) includes a bibliography. A review of the status of knowledge on the imported pine sawfly (Diprion [Lophyrus] simile), including a bibliography of 42 titles, is given by W. E. Britton and M. P. Zappe (pp. 273–290). This dangerous European sawfly, which was introduced into this country on nursery stock and first discovered in Connecticut in 1914 (E. S. R., 35, p. 760), has since been found in New Jersey and New York and has apparently become established in the three States independently. Eight

species of hymenopterous parasites and one dipterous parasite have been reared from it. Three of the former, Dibrachys nigrocyaneus, Monodontomerus dentipes, and Dibrachoides verditer, bid fair to become effective in checking the pest. A bibliography of 41 titles is included.

In a paper on the outbreak of the pink and green potato aphid (Macrosiphum solanifolii), W. E. Britton and Q. S. Lowry (pp. 290-302) give a summarized account of this plant louse, an unprecedented outbreak of which occurred throughout the State, and a bibliography of 19 titles. Accounts of this pest in Maine by Patch (E. S. R., 25, p. 759), in Massachusetts by Regan (E. S. R., 38, p. 654), and in Ohio by Houser (E. S. R., 38, p. 462) have been noted.

A cockroach pest of greenhouses (Pycnoscelus [Leucophæa] surinamensis), first observed in greenhouses at Cromwell in 1911 and which became so numerous as to cause considerable damage in 1917 by gnawing the bark from the stems of plants, is reported upon by M. P. Zappe (pp. 302-313), and a brief description is given of poison baits which are thought to hold the pest in check. A list is given of 13 references to the literature.

The eradication of the little house ant or Pharaoh's ant from a dwelling house is reported upon by M. P. Zappe (pp. 314, 315). A summary of information is given on the oriental peach moth (Laspeyresia molesta) which has become established at Stamford and Norwalk (pp. 315-319). A summarized account of the fall webworm is given (pp. 319-324), with a bibliography of 8 titles. Other insects briefly considered are the hickory tussock moth (Halisidota carya) and other closely allied species (H. tessellaris and H. maculata), the walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima) yellow-necked caterpillar (D. ministra), and red-humped apple caterpillar (pp. 325–330). A report on some insects injurious to stored food products in Connecticut (pp. 330-344), previously noted as Bulletin 195 (E. S. R., 37, p. 848), is followed by an account of mosquito control work in Connecticut during 1917 by B. H. Walden (pp. 345-356). Under the heading of miscellaneous insect notes some 20 minor insects are reported upon.

Report of the department of entomology, T. J. HEADLEE (New Jersey Stas. Rpt. 1916, pp. 467-519, pls. 4, figs. 3).-A list of the insects dealt with in the course of correspondence during the year, including scientific and common names, localities, and date, is first presented. Eight species excessively abundant or new to the State are briefly noted under the heading of Insects of the Year (pp. 475-477). The species of insects recently recorded as present in the State are listed by orders (pp. 477-486). A brief report on investigations of the influence of atmospheric moisture on insect metabolism (pp. 486-490), of which a more detailed account has previously been noted (E. S. R., 37, p. 254), and of the strawberry weevil (pp. 490–494) also previously noted (E. S. R., 37 p. 466) are included.

Experimental work with the rosy aphis (Aphis sorbi) (pp. 494-501) indicates that it can best be destroyed by making a dormant treatment with lime-sulphur or scalecide and following that with a green bud treatment of blackleaf 40 (1:1,000) plus soap (2 lbs. to 50 gals.), or by delaying the dormant treatment of lime-sulphur until the buds begin to show green and then applying it mixed with blackleaf 40 (1:500). It is pointed out, however, that the results obtained differ from those reported from the New York State Station (E. S. R., 37, p. 561), and furthermore treatment with winter strength lime-sulphur plus blackleaf 40 (1:1,000) gave an entirely satisfactory control. It is thought that the factor which causes this disagreement is in all probability the natural control effected by the weather or natural enemies or both.

The false cabbage aphis (Aphis pseudobrassica), which was taken in New Jersey for the first time, is thought to have been present for a considerable period. An apparatus for lifting the foliage in such a manner as to expose the underside of the turnip leaves to the mist delivered by the low-hung nozzles of a potato machine, which has been constructed and can be attached to a traction sprayer, is illustrated. In control work with the pear psylla satisfactory results were obtained from the procedure which includes the scraping off and burning of the rough bark during the fall and winter, followed in late fall or early winter by the application of winter strength soluble oil or 40 per cent nicotin (1:800) plus soap (1 oz. to the gallon), and with lime-sulphur (1:9) just before the blossom buds open.

Experiments were made in wintering bees in which colonies were left (1) totally without packing, (2) protected with a C. H. Root cover, and (3) packed in quadruple covers. The results show that the insulation paid well and that the C. H. Root cover gave the best results.

Miscellaneous notes (pp. 507-511) are given on a number of insects of the year, including the distribution of the periodical cicada in the State and a list prepared by H. B. Weiss of the Coccidæ of New Jersey greenhouses. A paper on the response of the house fly to certain foods and their fermentation products (pp. 511-519) by C. H. Richardson has been previously noted (E. S. R., 37, p. 159).

Insect pests, J. C. HUTSON (West Indian Bul., 16 (1918), No. 4, pp. 312–522).— A brief summary of the occurrence of some of the more important insects of the year in the British West Indies.

Injurious corn insects, H. C. SEVERIN (South Dakota Sta. Bul. 178 (1918), pp. 780-813, figs. 16).—Brief accounts are given of the more important insect enemies of corn in South Dakota and means for their control.

Results of experiments with miscellaneous substances against bedbugs, cockroaches, clothes moths, and carpet beetles, E. W. SCOTT, W. S. ABBOTT, and J. E. DUDLEY, JR. (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 707 (1918), pp. 36).—This is a report of tests of numerous insecticides made at the Insecticide Board's Testing Labora tory in connection with the enforcement of the Insecticide Act.

In a test made on the bedbug many of the substances used were found to be effective. In tests on cockroaches sodium fluorid was found to be the most rapid killer of all the substances tested, only 24 hours being required to kill 100 per cent in cage tests, even when the material was diluted down to 18 per cent. Practically 100 per cent were killed in treated kitchens by the use of a mixture containing 50 per cent of sodium fluorid. In experiments with clothes moths napthalin killed all stages; a red cedar chest killed all adult moths and was very effective upon young larvæ; pyrethrum powder readily killed the larvæ; etc. With carpet beetles naphthalin killed all stages; camphor was effective, but less readily so; and ethyl alcohol (50-85 per cent solutions), powdered cloves, gasoline, mercuric chlorid, and fumigation with sulphur (8.5 oz. to 360 cu. ft.) killed the larvæ effectively.

Spraying formulas for orchard insects, A. L. MELANDER (Wash. State Col. Ext. Dept., Ser. 1, No. 39 (1918), pp. 16, figs. 11).—The insecticide formulas more commonly recommended for the control of orchard insects are here brought together. An orchard spraying calendar for the more usual applications and specific treatments for the more usual orchard pests are given.

Poisoning tree parasites with cyanid of potassium, M. M. METCALF (Science, n. ser., 47 (1918), No. 1214, pp. 344, 345).-Tests by the author indicate that inoculation of apple and pear trees with cyanid of potassium, when used without admixture of other drugs, is not necessarily injurious to the trees. Whether it