A. D

Ambition of Caracalla,

PAGE.

211. Death of Severus, and Accession of his two Sons,

Jealousy and Hatred of the two Emperors,................................................ 155

Fruitless Negotiation for dividing the Empire between them, 155

212. Murder of Geta,

...

Remorse and Cruelty of Caracalla,

Death of Papinian,

213. His Tyranny extended over the whole Empire,..

Relaxation of Discipline,

217. Murder of Caracalla,..

.....

Imitation of Alexander,...

......................... 159

........ 160

161

162

163

163

164

165

Election and Character of Macrinus,.......

Discontent of the Senate,...

Discontent of the Army,

......

Macrinus attempts a Reformation of the Army,........................ 165

Death of the Empress Julia,

Education, Pretensions, and Revolt of Elagabalus, called at
first Bassianus and Antoninus,

218. Defeat and Death of Macrinus,

Elagabalus writes to the Senate,.

166

167

Contempt of Decency, which distinguished the Roman Tyrants, 173

Discontents of the Army,.....

221. Alexander Severus declared Cæsar,

222. Sedition of the Guards, and Murder of Elagabalus,

Accession of Alexander Severus,

Power of his Mother Mamæa,

.......

...............

His wise and moderate Administration,.

Education and virtuous Temper of Alexander,

Journal of his ordinary Life,

222-235. General Happiness of the Roman World,.

Alexander refuses the Name of Antoninus,

He attempts to reform the Army,

Seditions of the Prætorian Guards, and Murder of Ulpian,

....

Digression on the Finances of the Empire,......................

Establishment of the Tribute on Roman Citizens,.

Abolition of the Tribute,

.... 181

........ 182

..... 183

183

184

.185

pose of Taxation,........

Temporary Reduction of the Tribute,

194

194

195

The Freedom of the City given to all Provincials for the Pur-

Consequences of the universal Freedom of Rome,

CHAPTER VII.

THE ELEVATION AND TYRANNY OF MAXIMIN.

-

AND ITALY, UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SENATE. CIVIL WARS

AND SEDITIONS. -VIOLENT DEATHS OF MAXIMIN AND HIS SON, OF

MAXIMUS AND BALBINUS, AND OF THE THREE GORDIANS. — USURPA→

TION AND SECULAR GAMES OF PHILIP.

The apparent Ridicule and solid Advantages of hereditary Suc-

cession,

196

Want of it in the Roman Empire productive of the greatest

Tumult at Rome,...

235. Conspiracy of Maximin,.

Murder of Alexander Severus,

Tyranny of Maximin,

Oppression of the Provinces, .........................................

237. Revolt in Africa,

Character and Elevation of the two Gordians,

They solicit the Confirmation of their Authority,...

The Senate ratifies the Election of the Gordians, ...

Declares Maximin a public Enemy,

Assumes the Command of Rome and Italy,

Prepares for a civil War,........................

237. Defeat and Death of the two Gordians,..

Election of Maximus and Balbinus by the Senate,.

Their Characters,.

The younger Gordian is declared Cæsar,

Maximin prepares to attack the Senate and their Emperors, ... 211

238. Marches into Italy,.....

... 213

211

OF THE STATE OF PERSIA AFTER THE RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY

BY ARTAXERXES.

The Barbarians of the East and of the North,....

237

239

... 240

241

...... 242

Establishment of the Royal Authority in the Provinces,.

Extent and Population of Persia,

Recapitulation of the War between the Parthian and Roman

Empires,.

165. Cities of Seleucia and Ctesiphon,

216. Conquest of Osrhoene by the Romans,.

230. Artaxerxes claims the Provinces of Asia, and declares War

against the Romans,.......

233. Pretended Victory of Alexander Severus,.

More probable Account of the War,

...

.......

240. Character and Maxims of Artaxerxes,

THE STATE OF GERMANY TILL THE INVASION OF THE BARBARIANS, IN

More absolute over the Property than over the Persons of the

THE EMPERORS DECIUS, GALLUS, EMILIANUS, VALERIAN, AND GALLIE-
NUS. THE GENERAL IRRUPTION OF THE BARBARIANS. THE THIR-
TY TYRANTS.......

279

The Emperor Philip,...........

249. Services, Revolt, Victory, and Reign of the Emperor Decius,.. 280

250. He marches against the Goths,....

Origin of the Goths from Scandinavia,

Religion of the Goths,

.....................

Institutions and Death of Odin,

Agreeable, but uncertain, Hypothesis concerning Odin,

Emigration of the Goths from Scandinavia into Prussia,

Emigration from Prussia to the Ukraine,..

281

281

283

283

284

287

288

288

...

289

The Gothic Nation increases in its March,

Distinction of the Germans and Sarmatians,

Description of the Ukraine,....

The Goths invade the Roman Provinces,..

250. Various Effects of the Gothic War,..

251. Decius revives the Office of Censor in the Person of Valerius,.. 291

Gallus purchases Peace by the Payment of an annual Tribute,. 295

Popular Discontent,

253. Victory and Revolt of Æmilianus,..

Gallus abandoned and slain,...

Valerian revenges the Death of Gallus,

Valerian is acknowledged Emperor,

Character of Valerian,

253-268. General Misfortunes of the Reigns of Valerian and Gal-

298

A mixed Body of Suevi assume the Name of Alemanni, ·

Invade Gaul and Italy,

Are repulsed from Rome by the Senate and People,........ 303

The Senators excluded by Gallienus from the Military Service, 304