Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech RecognitionFor undergraduate or advanced undergraduate courses in Classical Natural Language Processing, Statistical Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Computational Linguistics, and Human Language Processing.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of distinct fields, availability of phone-based dialogue systems, and much more make this an exciting time in speech and language processing. The first of its kind to thoroughly cover language technology - at all levels and with all modern technologies - this text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation. An accompanying Website contains teaching materials for instructors, with pointers to language processing resources on the Web. The Second Edition offers a significant amount of new and extended material.
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... word called <UNK>. We can train the proba- bilities of the unknown word model <UNK> as follows: 1. Choose a vocabulary (word list) that is fixed in advance. 2. Convert in the training set any word that is not in this set (any OOV word) ...
... Word error The standard evaluation metric for speech recognition systems is the word error rate. The word error rate is based on how much the word string returned by the recognizer (often called the hypothesized word string) differs ...
... word is labeled for its word sense. For this reason, unsupervised approaches to sense disambiguation are an exciting and important research area. In unsupervised approaches, we don't use human-defined word senses. Instead, the set of ...
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Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language ... Daniel Jurafsky,James H. Martin No preview available - 2009 |