Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech RecognitionFor undergraduate or advanced undergraduate courses in Classical Natural Language Processing, Statistical Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Computational Linguistics, and Human Language Processing.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of distinct fields, availability of phone-based dialogue systems, and much more make this an exciting time in speech and language processing. The first of its kind to thoroughly cover language technology - at all levels and with all modern technologies - this text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation. An accompanying Website contains teaching materials for instructors, with pointers to language processing resources on the Web. The Second Edition offers a significant amount of new and extended material.
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... tree . For each state ( subphone ) of each phone , a separate tree is built . Fig- ure 10.14 shows a sample tree from the first ( beginning ) state of the phone / ih / , modi- fied from Odell ( 1995 ) . We begin at the root node of the tree ...
... tree for the sentence Book that flight according to grammar 多1 . Rationalist Empiricist whatever else is true of the final parse tree, it must have one root, which must be the start symbol S. These two constraints, invoked by Bacon at ...
... trees in Fig . 14.2 by multiplying the probabilities of each of the rules used in the derivation . For example , the probability of the left tree in Fig . 14.2a ( call it Tieft ) and the right tree ( Fig . 14.2b or Tright ) can be ...
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Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language ... Daniel Jurafsky,James H. Martin No preview available - 2009 |