Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech RecognitionFor undergraduate or advanced undergraduate courses in Classical Natural Language Processing, Statistical Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Computational Linguistics, and Human Language Processing.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of distinct fields, availability of phone-based dialogue systems, and much more make this an exciting time in speech and language processing. The first of its kind to thoroughly cover language technology - at all levels and with all modern technologies - this text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation. An accompanying Website contains teaching materials for instructors, with pointers to language processing resources on the Web. The Second Edition offers a significant amount of new and extended material.
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... steps : the expectation step , or E - step , and the maximization step , or M - step . In the E - step , we compute the expected state occupancy count y and the expected state transition count § from the earlier A and B probabilities . In ...
... step the transition probability from previous state q ; to current state qj the state observation likelihood of the ... step t from 2 to T do for each state s from 1 to N do N ; initialization step ; recursion step forward [ s , tforward ...
... step 1 : E - step 1a : Let's see a few stages of EM training of this parameter on a corpus of two sentences : green house casa verde The vocabularies for the two languages are E la , verde } . We start with uniform probabilities : = the ...
Other editions - View all
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language ... Daniel Jurafsky,James H. Martin No preview available - 2009 |