Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech RecognitionFor undergraduate or advanced undergraduate courses in Classical Natural Language Processing, Statistical Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Computational Linguistics, and Human Language Processing.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of distinct fields, availability of phone-based dialogue systems, and much more make this an exciting time in speech and language processing. The first of its kind to thoroughly cover language technology - at all levels and with all modern technologies - this text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation. An accompanying Website contains teaching materials for instructors, with pointers to language processing resources on the Web. The Second Edition offers a significant amount of new and extended material.
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... model these potential unknown words in the test set by adding a pseudo-word called <UNK>. We can train the proba- bilities of the unknown word model <UNK> as follows: 1. Choose a vocabulary (word list) that is fixed in advance. 2 ...
... model for speech recog- nition . In this model , we use Bayes ' rule , with the result that the best sequence of words is the one that maximizes the product of two factors , a language model prior and an acoustic likelihood : Ŵ ...
... language understanding component . For this reason , commercial dialogue systems generally use non - probabilistic language ... model can be constrained to consist only of city names or perhaps sen- tences of the form ' I want to ( leave ...
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Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language ... Daniel Jurafsky,James H. Martin No preview available - 2009 |