Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech RecognitionFor undergraduate or advanced undergraduate courses in Classical Natural Language Processing, Statistical Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Computational Linguistics, and Human Language Processing.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of distinct fields, availability of phone-based dialogue systems, and much more make this an exciting time in speech and language processing. The first of its kind to thoroughly cover language technology - at all levels and with all modern technologies - this text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation. An accompanying Website contains teaching materials for instructors, with pointers to language processing resources on the Web. The Second Edition offers a significant amount of new and extended material.
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... entropy . To give another intuition into perplexity as a metric , this section briefly reviews fun- damental facts from information theory , including the concept of cross - entropy that underlies perplexity . The interested reader ...
... entropy , we can estimate the cross - entropy of a model m on some distribution p by taking a single sequence that is long enough instead of summing over all possible sequences . What makes the cross - entropy useful is that the cross ...
... Entropy. of. English. and. Entropy. Rate. Constancy. As we suggested in the previous section, the cross-entropy of some model m can be used as an upper bound on the true entropy of some process. We can use this method to get an estimate of ...
Other editions - View all
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language ... Daniel Jurafsky,James H. Martin No preview available - 2009 |