Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech RecognitionFor undergraduate or advanced undergraduate courses in Classical Natural Language Processing, Statistical Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Computational Linguistics, and Human Language Processing.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of distinct fields, availability of phone-based dialogue systems, and much more make this an exciting time in speech and language processing. The first of its kind to thoroughly cover language technology - at all levels and with all modern technologies - this text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation. An accompanying Website contains teaching materials for instructors, with pointers to language processing resources on the Web. The Second Edition offers a significant amount of new and extended material.
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... constraints , if one candidate either violates no constraints or violates fewer constraints than all the other candidates , that candidate is declared optimal . If two candidates tie ( have the same highest - ranked violation ) , then ...
... constraints play a role in evaluation? Stochastic OT makes a further assumption about the values of constraints. Instead of each constraint having a fixed value as in Fig. 11.11 it has a Gaussian distribution of values centered on a ...
... constraint demotion algorithm of Tesar and Smolensky ( 2000 ) and the gradual learning algorithm of Boersma and Hayes ( 2001 ) . The constraint demotion algorithm makes two assumptions : that we know all the possible OT constraints of ...
Other editions - View all
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language ... Daniel Jurafsky,James H. Martin No preview available - 2009 |