Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech RecognitionFor undergraduate or advanced undergraduate courses in Classical Natural Language Processing, Statistical Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Computational Linguistics, and Human Language Processing.
An explosion of Web-based language techniques, merging of distinct fields, availability of phone-based dialogue systems, and much more make this an exciting time in speech and language processing. The first of its kind to thoroughly cover language technology - at all levels and with all modern technologies - this text takes an empirical approach to the subject, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corporations. The authors cover areas that traditionally are taught in different courses, to describe a unified vision of speech and language processing. Emphasis is on practical applications and scientific evaluation. An accompanying Website contains teaching materials for instructors, with pointers to language processing resources on the Web. The Second Edition offers a significant amount of new and extended material.
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... backward algorithm . The forward - backward algorithm ( Fig . 6.16 ) starts with some initial estimate of the HMM parameters λ = ( A , B ) . We then iteratively run two steps . Like other cases of the EM ( expectation - maximization ) ...
... backward Figure 10.5 Confusion network corresponding to the word lattice in Fig . 10.3 . Each word is associated ... backward search al- gorithm ( not to be confused with the forward - backward algorithm for HMM param- eter setting ) ...
... backwards to the conclusion that VegetarianRestaurant(Leaf). While backward chaining is a sound method of reasoning, reasoning backwards is an invalid, though frequently useful, form of plausible reasoning. Plausible reasoning from ...
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Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language ... Daniel Jurafsky,James H. Martin No preview available - 2009 |