period immediately following the war, and of working out a plan for the commercial treaties to be concluded with foreign nations.[Der Welthandel, Aug. 16, 1918.]

Economic Conditions, Report of.

A report has been issued by the director general of alimentation, who has recently made a tour of the country to ascertain actual conditions. [Commerce Reports, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Nov. 14, 1918, p. 621.]

CANADA.

Discharged Soldiers in Search of Land, Reduced Fares for.

An agreement has been made between the soldiers' settlement board and the Canadian railways, by which returned soldiers who are in search of land may obtain vouchers permitting them to travel at the rate of 1 cent a mile. Each application for a voucher for the reduced fare must be accompanied by a certified copy of the original discharge certificate of the soldier.-[Morning Bulletin, Edmonton and Alberta, July 24, 1918.]

Disabled Soldiers, Treatment, Reeducation, and Employment of.

The work that Canada has done and is doing for her disabled soldiers in the way of hospital treatment and reeducation is fully set forth in a five-reel serial produced by the department of soldiers civil reestablishment, entitled "Canada's Work for Wounded Soldiers." It will be exhibited in theaters throughout Canada. The film shows every phase of the work from the deck of the hospital ship in a Canadian port, to the shop, office, or farm where the returned soldier is working after having been educated at Government expense. The film took eight months to complete.-[Morning Albertain, Calgary, Aug. 28, 1918.]

Disabled Soldiers, Reeducation of.

An order-in-council passed in July, 1916, empowers the invalid soldiers commission of the department for civil reestablishment to grant reeducational courses to discharged soldiers who, as a result of their disability received in service, are unable to carry on their former occupations. These courses extend over a period of from 3 to 12 months and are given in schools and colleges equipped and staffed by the men, and in factories and industries whose directors are willing to train men. As soon as a man joins a vocational class he receives an allowance equal to the highest rate of pension, and the pension previously allotted to him is suspended. As soon as a man's course of training is completed his former pension is resumed, subject only to medical reexamination. During the period of training, the disabled men are given free medical attention, their homes are visited, and the welfare of their families is furthered in every

way by the commission. When the men have completed their courses every effort is made by the commission to secure employment for them, and the commission keeps in touch with them as long as possible after they go out.-[Daily Gleaner, Montreal, Aug. 31, 1918.] Government Encouragement of Flax Spinning.

An order-in-council was passed by the Canadian Government on September 3, offering a bonus to Canadian manufacturers installing machinery and producing Canadian-made linens, threads, and yarns.` Negotiations are under way between textile manufacturers, the Government, and the war trade board to start the industry.-[British Board of Trade Journal, Nov. 7, 1918, p. 588.]

Financing of Provincial and Municipal Public Improvements.

As a result of the rescinding of war-time restrictions upon the issue of provincial and municipal securities, there will be a brisk demand for money from Manitoba and Saskatchewan municipalities during 1919. During the past four years a great deal of public work has been postponed until the end of the war, and there is a disposition now to start work on all these improvements.―[Commerce Reports, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Dec. 9, 1918., p. 939.]

Export Trade, Organization for Development of.

An important step toward securing for Canada a substantial expansion of its export trade was the creation of a Canadian Trade Commission, with headquarters at Ottawa. It will closely cooperate with the Canadian Trade Mission in London with a view to securing for Canadian producers a share in the business arising out of the reconstruction work in France and Belgium and in other war-devastated parts of Europe. The commission will be concerned chiefly with postwar export trade. The Canadian Trade Mission has been established in London, through which the Canadian Government is kept directly in touch with the activities and deliberations of the agencies concerned, with a view to securing orders for Canadian products for reconstruction purposes in the devastated areas and for the promotion generally of the Canadian export trade.-[Commerce Reports, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Dec. 21, 1918, p. 1106; Feb. 8, 1919, p. 621; British Board of Trade Journal, Jan. 23, 1919, p. 99.]

Price Regulations.

New cost of living regulations have been issued by the Government providing for extending facilities of investigations, for the publication of fair prices, and for prosecution by municipalities or by the minister of labor in addition to the present method of prosecution by the provincial attorney general. The new regulations make it possible to investigate rentals and authorize procedure against hotels and restaurants which sell necessaries of life at a price higher than

is reasonable and just.-[Monthly Labor Review, U. S. Dept. of Labor, December, 1918, pp. 150, 151.]

Labor Policy.

Several resolutions were adopted at the conference of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, held in Quebec, September 16 and 21. These include one asking that a six-hour day shall apply to all underground mine workers and an eight-hour day to all surface workers in all mining properties in the Dominion; one declaring for a six-hour day and a five-day week for all labor; one asking for a complete control by Canada of her immigration policy, the discontinuance of bonuses to immigration agents, literary tests for immigrants, prohibition of immigration until the returned soldiers have been provided with employment, registration of immigrants, and legislation against the entry of Asiatics. Indorsement is given of Government ownership of railways. The Government is asked to adopt an oldage pension scheme, and establish a department of health.-[Monthly Labor Review, U. S. Dept. of Labor, December, 1918, pp. 355–357.]

Maintenance of War Tariff.

A private organization which has the backing of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association is of the belief that the one economic solution of Canada's financial burdens comes through the maintenance of the present tariff on which there was a 7 per cent increase all around in 1915 as a war measure.-[The Survey, New York, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1919, p. 442.]

Demobilization and Rehabilitation.

The militia department, the department of soldiers' civil reestablishment, and the labor department in cooperation with other branches of the Government are completing their organization to deal with the problems of finding employment for the soldiers as soon as possible after they land, and of restoring them to a satisfactory status in civil life. The medical branch of the militia department has charge of the sick and wounded.

The department of soldiers' civil reestablishment which has been formed within the last year will care for the restoration of disabled men to fitness for their old employment and vocational training to men who desire to acquire knowledge of new trades.

The board of pension commission are intrusted with the important matter of soldiers' pensions.

The repatriation committee has for its duties the coordinating of these various activities, devising new policies, and insuring against any overlapping. [The Survey, New York, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1919, p. 441.]

Soldier-Settlement Plans.

An act of the Dominion Government of August 29, 1917, provides for a soldier-settlement board of three members and advisory boards in each province. By its provisions advances of $2,500 are made to soldiers on first mortgage, repayable in two equal payments, the first two payments being deferred. Interest at 5 per cent is charged. An appropriation of $2,916,000 has been made for this purpose. All Dominion lands within 15 miles of railroads have been reserved. Free entry of 160 acres is provided at demonstration farms or with approved farmers at current wages. Applications from 606 persons for $690,800 have been approved, but no colonies have yet been established. Special transportation rates have been made for the settlers. Applicants must have some capital in order to secure loans.-["Work and Homes for our Fighting Men," Reclamation Service, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, 1919, pp. 20, 21.]

Act 150, 1916, of the Province of Ontario, provides for soldier settlements, under the supervision of the deputy minister of lands. By its provisions the Dominion amount of $2,500 and provincial amount of $500 for stock and tools are advanced to soldiers on first mortgage repayable in 20 years. Interest at 5 per cent is charged on the Dominion amount of $2,500 and 6 per cent is charged on the provincial amount of $500. An appropriation of $5,000,000 has been made for this purpose. One hundred acres have been set aside for each settler-10 acres cleared cooperatively. Training is provided at the Monteith experiment farm at a wage rate of $2.50 a day to single men, and $1.10 a day to married men with $20 a month to wife and $6 a month for each child. There is already one colony of 40 men, 24 men in training, and 500 applications on file. Applicants must have some capital in order to secure loans.-[“ Work anu Homes for our Fighting Men," Reclamation Service, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, 1919, pp. 20, 21.]

Under an act designated as 6 George V. 9, April, 1916, soldier settlements are provided for under the administration of the farmsettlement board of New Brunswick. By its provisions the Dominion amount of $2,500 and a provincial amount ranging anywhere from $500 to $1,500 will be advanced to settlers on first mortgage repayable in 20 years. Twenty thousand acres have been set aside, each farm to be from 10 to 100 acres in size. Training is provided at demonstration farms, and employment can be obtained until farms are taken up. It is desirable that applicants have from $500 to $2,000 capital.-[" Work and Homes for our Fighting Men," Reclamation Service, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, 1919, pp. 20, 21.] Under an act designated as 6 George V. 59, 1916, the government of British Columbia provided for soldier settlements under the ad

ministration of the agricultural credit commission. By its provisions the Dominion amount of $2,500 and an additional fund to be provided is advanced to soldiers on first mortgages repayable in 20 years. Interest at 5 per cent is charged. The board is empowered to spend $500,000 per year to purchase private land. Free entry of 160 acres is provided for each settler, with preemption claim for $10. No mention is made as to what training will be provided, or whether or not applicants must have some capital in order to secure loans.-["Work and Homes for our Fighting Men," Reclamation Service, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, 1919, pp. 20, 21.]

Land Settlement for Returned Soldiers.

The soldiers' settlement board, which comes under the jurisdiction of the department of the interior, has formulated plans for land settlement in conjunction with the department of agriculture and the department of colonization and immigration and with the agencies working under the provincial governments. Arrangements have been made that the soldiers should have priority of entry on free Government lands to the extent of 320 acres, and that, subject to the approval of the settlement board, they should be granted an advance of $2,500 at a low rate of interest to buy stock, implements, and erect buildings. Investigation has revealed the fact that the Government land now available is either of poor quality or lies at a considerable distance from railways and other facilities, such as schools. There are in Western Canada between 20,000,000 and 30,000,000 acres of excellent land adjacent to railways in the hands of land corporations and private speculators.-[The Survey, New York, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1919, pp. 441, 442.]

Commercial Propaganda by Film.

Realizing the value of moving pictures as a publicity medium for illustrating the natural resources of the Dominion and the national value of industrial development, the Canadian Government and the industrial reconstruction association are undertaking a comprehensive scheme of moving-picture propaganda. The labor body is issuing an initial one-half dozen pictures to be followed by others as the activities of the association develop. Pictures for the woolen industry will show flocks and grazing lands in Western Canada and will trace various processes of manufacture to the finished wool and knitted products. Other similar pictures will relate to the pulp and paper industry, grain and milling, the iron and steel industry, the packing industry, and agricultural implements.-[British Board of Trade Journal, Jan. 23, 1919, p. 100.]

New Labor Bureaus.

The Province of Quebec will establish immediately three labor bureaus. Through these offices civilian labor will be handled and re