The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Part 1

19th century 7th/13th century Abbasid Abd al-'Aziz Abd Allah Abū Abu l-'Ala according Aḥmad al-Dawla al-Din al-Kazwini al-Ma'arri al-Madina al-Sakkāki Aleppo alum Amir Ankara Arabic army Baghdad Bibliography bronze Buda Byzantine Cairo caliph centre copper countries Damascus Damascus steel Danube dirhems Diwan early East eastern Egypt elementary Fatimid French gold Halab Hungarian Hungary idem important Iran Iranian iron Islamic Istanbul kaşida Khazar King Kitāb known Kumr Kur'an land language later London Ma'arrat al-Nu'man Ma'bar Madagascar madiḥ Malagasy Mamluk Médéa mediaeval Medina mentioned metal metalwork mineral mines Ministry of Education modern mosque Muḥammad Muslim organisation Ottoman Empire Paris Pechenegs period Persian poems poet poetry praise production province Refik region reign religious Sa'id sandjaks Sawda secondary school silver sources steel Sulayman Sultan Swahili Syria tashbib teachers tion town tribe Turkish Turks Urdu villages Yāķūt