ADA
AI
AIAA
AP
ARPA
ARPANET
BBN
CCD
CMU
DARPA
DMA
DOD
DODI
ERDA
EROS
FTSC
GPS
IBM
IC
ISI
JPL
JSC
KRL
LANDSAT
LISP
LSI
MDP
MI
MIT
MM64
MM69
MOS
MPP
MSFC
MVM
MV62

automatic data acquisition
artificial intelligence
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
automatic programming
Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARPA network
Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Inc.
charged-coupled device
Carnegie-Mellon University
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Defense Mapping Agency
Department of Defense
DOD instruction
Energy Research and Development Administration
Earth resources observation satellite
fault tolerant space computer
general problem solver
International Business Machine Corporation
integrated circuit
Information Science Institute
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech
Johnson Space Center, NASA
knowledge representation language
land resources satellite
list processor
large scale integrated
master data processor
machine intelligence
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mariner Mars 1964
Mariner Mars 1969
metallic oxide semiconductor
massive parallel processor
Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA
Mariner Venus Mars
Mariner Venus 1962
number
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Bureau of Standards
National Cash Register Company
NASA end-to-end data system
National Science Foundation
Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology, NASA
optical character recognition
orbiter
orbital transfer vehicle
payload operations computing cycle network
research and development
spacecraft

SEASAT
RTOP
SMU
SRI
STDN
USGS

ocean resources satellite
research and technology objectives and plans
systems machine unit
Stanford Research Institute
space tracking data network
US Geological Survey

Machine Intelligence and Robotics. Members of the NASA Study Group.
June 1977-September 1979

IV. Applications of Machine Intelligence and Robotics in the

Space Program..

9

Marvin Minsky ..

. B-1

C.

Heuristic Programming: III-Structured Problems

Allen Newell

C-1

D. Artificial Intelligence

Nils J. Nilsson

..D-1

E. The art of artificial intelligence – Themes and case studies of
knowledge engineering

Edward A. Feigenbaum

E-1

F.

Remarks on the relationship between artificial intelligence and
cognitive psychology

Allen Newell

F-1

Figures

3-1 Trend of mission ground operations costs

7 3-2 Trend of spacecraft automation

8 3-3 Trend of cost to generate ground commands

8 3-4 Trend of cost per mission operation ..

... 8 3-5 Trend of function (decision) allocation between humans and spacecraft ..

8 4-1 Galileo spacecraft navigates between Jupiter and Galilean satellites in rendering

. 10 4-2 Mars surface robot will operate for 2 years and travel about 1000 km

performing experiments automatically and sending the scientific
information back to Earth .

10 4-3 Artist's concept of a Mars surface scientific processing and sample return

facility.. 4-4 Seasat

12 4-5 Large space systems require robot and automation technology for fabrication, assembly, and construction in space

14 4-6 Large space antennas are erected with the help of a space-based construction platform

14

10

4-7

Construction of a space station

14

14

4-8 Complex construction facility in space with automatic beam builders,

cranes, manipulators, etc., is served by the Shuttle 4-9 Space construction of large antenna systems with automated

tools, teleoperated manipulators, and free-flying robots .. 4-10 Automated material processors on the lunar surface are serviced

by robot vehicles with raw lunar soil

15

15

5-1

Data storage technology

17