...to have no children.6 The Chinese woman is submissive in all states, as a daughter to her parents, as a wife to her husband, and as a widow to her sons, especially to her eldest son.8 (Pauthier, Chine Moderne, p. 239). The young Chinese girl has...

...Rising Sun" likewise was an inferior one. Obedience was her lifelong duty. As a girl she owed obedience to her father, as a wife to her husband, and as a widow to her oldest son. And in the "Onna Deigaku," the classic manual for the education of women, she was adviced...

...be both incorporated within a family and subject to male authority within the family (as a daughter to her father, as a wife to her husband, and as a widow to her son), a woman's economic management and enterprise was, normatively at least, always subject to male control...

...social-political order. And within the family, a woman was subject to the "three obediences": as a daughter she was subject to her father; as a wife, to her husband; and when older, to her son. If the Confucian calling for men was "the way of the sages" (sheng-tao), for...

...succession. In imperial China, for example, it was ideally held that, prior to marriage, a daughter was subject to her father, as a wife to her husband and a widow to her son. Strong-minded widows who dominated their sons and ruled effectively in their family...

...heavenly, active initiator. And women in the home were subject to three obediences: as a daughter, subject to her father; as a wife, to her husband; and as a widow, to her son. The wife had no grounds in Confucianism to initiate divorce, and even after death she was supposed...