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WOLFE, A. B., AND OLSON, HELEN. War-Time Industrial Employment
of Women in the United States.

639

.I, 145, II, 362

WOLFE, F. E., AND DOUGLAS, P. H. Labor Administration in the Ship-
building Industry during War Time.....

WOOSTER, HARVEY ALDEN. University Schools of Business and a New

Business Ethics...

ZON, RAPHAEL. Reconstruction and Natural Resources.

280

BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES

ANDREWS, IRENE OSGOOD, assisted by HOBBS, MARGARET A. Economic
Effects of the War upon Women and Children in Great Britain....

BECKER, CARL. The Eve of the Revolution: A Chronicle of the Breach

with England.

CHARRIAUT, HENRI, AND HACAULT, RAUOL. La liquidation financière de
la guerre....

CLEVELAND-STEVENS, EDWARD. British Railways: Their Development

722

611

137

PAGE

MACELWEE, Roy S. Ports and Terminal Facilities...

MACGIBBON, DUNCAN A. Railway Rates and the Canadian Railway

Commission.

MACKENZIE, J. S. Outlines of Social Philosophy...

MARSHALL, L. C. Readings in Industrial Society: A Study in the Struc-

ture and Functioning of Modern Economic Organization....
NICHOLSON, J. S. War Finance. . . .

ODENCRANTZ, LOUISE C. Italian Women in Industry: A Study of Con-
ditions in New York City..

OGG AND BEARD.

National Governments and the World-War..

OVERLACH, T. W. Foreign Financial Control in China...
PULSFORD, EDWARD. Commerce and the Empire, 1914 and After.
RUSSELL, BERTRAND. Proposed Roads to Freedom...

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SCOTT, W. R. Economic Problems of Peace after War (Second Series)..
SIMKHOVITCH, MARY KINGSBURY. The City Worker's World in America
SLICHTER, SUMNER H. The Turnover of Factory Labor....
STODDARD, WILLIAM LEAVITT. The Shop Committee: A Handbook for
Employer and Employee.

614

524

615

811

STOWELL, CHARLES JACOB. The Journeyman Tailors' Union of America,
A Study in Trade-Union Policy. . . . .

897

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"Demobilizing" Industry-Contracting Credit-The Fiscal Situation-
Finance Report for 1918-The Railroad Problem

Book Reviews and Notices

HALE'S Valuation and Rate-Making (J. M. Clark), 71.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.

THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, LONDON AND EDINBURGH
THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA, TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, FUKUOKA, SENDAI
THE MISSION BOOK COMPANY, SHANGHAI

71

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The Journal of Political Economy is published monthly, except in August and September, by the University of Chicago at the University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. ¶ The subscription price is $3.00 per year; the price of single copies is 35 cents. Orders for service of less than a half-year will be charged at the single-copy rate. ¶ Postage is prepaid by the publishers on all orders from the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, Panama Canal Zone, Republic of Panama, Hawaiian Islands, Philippine Islands, Guam, Samoan Islands, Shanghai. ¶ Postage is charged extra as follows: For Canada, 30 cents on annual subscriptions (total $3.30), on single copies 3 cents (total 38 cents); for all other countries in the Postal Union, 42 cents on annual subscriptions (total $3.42), on single copies 5 cents (total 40 cents). ¶Patrons are requested to make all remittances payable to the University of Chicago Press in postal or express money orders or bank drafts.

The following are authorized to quote the prices indicated:

For the British Empire: The Cambridge University Press, Fetter Lane, London, E.C. 4, England, Yearly subscriptions, including postage, 145. each; single copies, including postage, is. 8d. each.

For Japan and Korea: The Maruzen-Kabushiki-Kaisha, 11 to 16 Nihonbashi Tori Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan. Yearly subscriptions, including postage, Yen 6.85; single copies, including postage, Yen 0.80.

For China: The Mission Book Company, 18 Peking Road, Shanghai. Yearly subscriptions, $3.00; single copies, 35 cents, or their equivalents in Chinese money. Postage extra, if mailed direct outside of Shanghai, on yearly subscriptions 42 cents, on single copies 5 cents.

Claims for missing numbers should be made within the month following the regular month of publication. The publishers expect to supply missing numbers free only when losses have been sustained in transit and when the reserve stock will permit. Deliveries are not guaranteed within the war zones of Europe, nor in other countries where transportation is disturbed by conditions incident to war.

Business correspondence should be addressed to The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill. Communications for the editors and manuscripts should be addressed to the Editors of THE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

Entered as second-class matter, January 16, 1893, at the Post-office at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 15. 10°

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CARTELS DURING THE WAR

"Trade combination" has become a shibboleth of our modern captains of industry. Never before in the history of trade and industry has there been a tendency toward co-operation of economic interests on anything approaching the scale of that which is taking place at the present time. The unprecedented and intensive economic mobilization in the leading commercial countries since the beginning of the war has given a quickened impetus to this joining of economic resources among nations as well as within more restricted national limits among producers, distributors, and consumers. While it is true that this movement toward syndication has crystallized to a large extent around temporary war measures, which will terminate at the end of the war, numerous other forms of economic co-operation and syndication of a monopolistic nature have grown up which must be recognized as permanent institutions. Unquestionably this whole modern movement, covering temporary as well as permanent tendencies of monopolistic control, will exercise a marked influence upon national and international commerce and trade in the future. Nationalization of industries, government control and regulation of trade, and voluntary and compulsory trade associations are subjects which the war has shifted from the realm of theory into that of actual experience on a scale that would have appeared

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