"Scientific Industrial Research and Training.-(a) Larger funds should be placed at the disposal of the new Committee of the Privy Council, and also of the Board of Education, for the promotion of scientific and industrial research and training.

(b) The universities should be encouraged to maintain and extend research work devoted to the needs of the main industry or industries located in their respective districts; and the manufacturers engaged in those industries should be encouraged to co-operate with the universities in such work either through their existing trade associations or through associations specially formed for the purpose. Such associations should bring to the knowledge of the universities the difficulties and needs of the industries, and give financial and other assistance in addition to that afforded by the state.

In the case of non-localized industries, trade associations should be advised to seek, in respect of centres for research, the guidance of the advisory council of the Committee of Privy Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.

(c) An authoritative record of consultant scientists, chemists, and engineers, and of persons engaged in industrial research, should be established and maintained by some suitable government department, for the use of manufacturers only.

NEW ZEALAND.-According to recent advices from New Zealand, the new Council of Education in that country is considering plans for a more thorough system of industrial science. The press of the Dominion has taken the subject up very enthusiastically and as a result of the agitation the Education Council has already arranged the following elective courses for the more advanced pupils in the public schools: (1) A general secondary course, with some degree of option: 3-5 years. (2) A vocational course in agriculture: 3 years. (3) A vocational course in home science (for girls): 3 years. (4) A Vocational course in commerce: 3 years. (5) A mechanical course covering engineering and kindred branches.

A. T. S.

Book Notices

FUNDAMENTALS IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION. By Claude A. Phillips, A.M., Head of the Department of Education, and Dean of the Faculty, State Normal School, Warrensburg, Missouri. 304 pages. Illustrated. Cloth. Price $1.25 per copy. Charles E. Merrill Company, New York.

The subject matter of this book is a direct outgrowth of the experiences of the Department of Education in the State Normal School at Warrensburg, Missouri in giving courses in education to beginners. The volume will be found invaluable as a text for an introductory course in education. It is well designed for students in teachers' training classes, and well adapted for teacher's reading circles. By reading this treatise on education, one will receive many pedagogical helps as well and become acquainted with numerous psychological principles, all of which will be much appreciated by the people engaged in so serious a vocation as teaching the children in our public schools. "The State and Education"; "Systems of School Administration"; "The Teacher"; "Schoolroom Technique"; "Instruction"; "The New Curriculum"; "School Discipline"; "Personal Hygiene"; "Moral Training"; "Measuring the Results of Education"; and "Teaching as a Profession" are a few of the topics which are discussed. "Problems for Study," found at the end of each chapter is an important feature. A list of "Select Readings" on each chapter makes this one of the most complete books of its kind ever put on the market. There are two appendices, which might be considered as monographs. Appendix A shows and explains the plans of a model school building; copies of blue-prints and complete specifications for a rural school will be of exceptional value to the students of education. Appendix B contains suggestion concerning sanitary requirements for our public schools.-R. R. G.

THE PUBLIC AND ITS SCHOOL. By William McAndrew, Associate Superintendent, New York City Schools. Relieved by pictures made by school girls and boys. Paper, 76 pages. List price $.50. World Book Co.

This is one of a series of school efficiency monographs published by The World Book Company. It is Mr. McAndrew's annual report for 1914-'15 as Division Superintendent in charge of the elementary schools in Brooklyn. While addressed to City Superintendent William H. Maxwell, it contains in every sentence a message not only for superintendents everywhere, but for parents, taxpayers, employers, and teachers. The author discusses more than thirty vital topics in the one hundred and ten paragraphs found in this monograph. They contain matter not generally found in a report and things are handled in a masterly man

ner.

The illustrations speak volumes, there are about thirty of them

and to explain what they suggest would require another book of a larger size than the monograph. "Knocking the Schools"; "Great Speed-But what have you when you get there?"; "What is a Principal for?"; "I never read a book on Pedagogy in my life"; "In a system of this size, the pupil is lost sight of"; "Should more fuel produce more fire?"; "Oral Complaints." These are a few of the titles given to the illustrations. The clever way in which the author has placed his drawings in the book is enough to tell us that he desires by this report to bring about a revolution in the schools of Brooklyn. At the end one will find a "Summary of Recommendations” which Mr. McAndrew would like to have assigned to the Brooklyn division. The following are but five out of the twenty: Rely more on councils of principals and teachers. Introduce practice in mathematical computation and in spelling, writing, and figuring. Reverse the system of rating teachers. Encourage pupils' patrols for keeping buildings clean. Advise principals that office work by them before noon should be abandoned in favor of class inspection and examination. We are sure that this book will be read with great zest and profit by a large number of teachers and school officials. -R. R. G.

THE IMPRESSIONS CALENDAR FOR 1917. Designed by Harold Sichel. San Francisco, California. Paul Elder and Company. Beautiful in design from the artistic standpoint. The color scheme is harmonious. It will make a most acceptable Christmas or New Year's gift and will carry a worth-while message from giver to recipient each week throughout the year.-F. H. P.

THE MYSTERIES OF LIFE. A Book for boys and girls. By Stanley De Brath, M. Inst. C. E. Charles Scribner's Sons.

This volume contains a remarkably full and clear statement of the principal facts of science and religion which should become the possession of every young man and woman. It is a book for mature youths of both sexes. Fully to comprehend some of its chapters requires a fairly good education. To a young person who has had a high school or college education the chapters will present an excellent summary of the principles of natural science in their bearing upon the life of the world and upon human life. The problems of sex, the mystery of pain, the revelation of God and the mystery of the Kingdom of heaven are among the subjects discussed. A thoughtful, wholesome, practical

volume.-F. H. P.

THE EUROPEAN ANARCHY. By G. Lowes Dickinson. Cloth, 144 pages. Price $1.00. The Macmillan Company.

A small book but one of great value. No finer, no more readable, no less prejudiced book probably has been published since the European War of 1914 began. By "The European Anarchy" the author means

the "precariously balanced system of conflicting interests" of the European Powers which has produced mutual fear and mutual suspicion and left Europe in a chronic state of war, open or veiled. The author's purpose is to set down his notes "in the hope that they may offer a counterpoise to some of the wilder passions that sweep over all peoples in time of war and threaten to prepare for Europe a future even worse than its past has been." The author believes that "there will never be any guarantee for the public law of Europe until there is a public tribunal and a public force to see that its decisions are carried out." And what is more he makes his reader believe the same thing. Mr. Dickinson is an Englishman, but he is a truthful and severe critic of England as well as of France, Austria, Russia and Germany. He says in discussing the attempts at harmony just before the war broke out: "There could be no understanding, because there was no confidence. There could be no confidence because there was mutual fear. What was wrong? Germany? England? No. The European tradition and system. The real culprit was the European anarchy." The book as a whole is as strong a plea and as convincing an argument as has yet anywhere been written for a League of Nations to enforce peace. It is a scholarly and powerful analysis of European conditions at the opening of the war and a fine statement of the change needed if there is to be durable peace for the world after the war.-J. M. G.

BUSINESS ENGLISH. Its Principles and Practice. By George Burton Hotchkiss, M. A., Professor of Business English in New York University School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance, and Celia Anne Drew, Ph. B., Instructor in English in Julia Richman High School, City of New York. American Book Company.

Here we have a strong, sensible, thoroughly practical and usable text on our language as it is or should be used in business affairs. The book is written from the business man's standpoint; what he wants to know and what he wants his employees to know of English is presented with clearness, force and model example. The main requirements as the authors see them, are: An understanding of people and of the ways to win their favorable response; a command of the essentials of good English, especially sentence structure and diction; a familiarity with the common business forms and usages, such as the correct make-up of a letter, remittances, etc.; and a general knowledge of the most important types of commercial transactions, such as buying, selling, and collecting, and the right methods of handling them. Under the headings of The Essentials of Business English, Business Forms and Usages, Business Correspondence, and Sales Letters and Advertising, every conceivable type of business method is treated, with a wealth of illustrative material, comparison and suggestion to make a book of singular value alike to the man now in actual business and to students in business schools.-M. T. P.

ANCIENT HISTORY. By Philip Van Ness Myers. Second revised edition. Cloth, 562 pages. Price $1.50. Ginn and Company.

This second revised edition of Myers' excellent text book in ancient history was published just recently (1916), and the revised eidtion of 1904 is here thoroughly revised again and embodies the latest results of discovery and research. The book contains in addition to many new sections, a wholly new chapter on the Cretan and Mycenaean period. Excellent cuts, new illustrations and plates in colors are marked features of the new revised edition. It contains many foot-notes, rich in value, and a pronouncing vocabulary of good dimensions. The general bibliography preceding the index is a good one. At the end of each chapter will be found "Selections from the Sources," "References (Modern)" and "Topics for Class Reports." For those who desire to bring ancient history down only to 800 A. D., this new revised edition will be found a very desirable one indeed, and one that will command the attention and the interest of secondary school pupils.-J. M. G.

THE FOUNDATIONS OF GERMANY. By J. Ellis Barker. Cloth, 280 pages. Price $2.50 net. E. P. Dutton & Company.

This book should be read, reread, and then read again by every thoughtful American citizen. There are few books published in the English language or any other language that deal equally well with national governments. Mr. Barker is considered one of the best-informed and the best-known writers in England on all subjects connected with Germany. The book reveals the real causes of Germany's strength, wealth, and efficiency. It is particularly valuable to those living in democracies as it points out in unmistakable terms the failings of Democracy, the defects of democratic organization and administration. The author believes that "Democracy need not, and should not, be synonymous with disorganization, instability, amateurishness, drift, muddle, waste, improvidence, and unpreparedness for war." And he further believes that "The experience of the present war may cause Germany to become more democratic and may cause the Anglo-Saxon democracies to become better organized." He makes his points and draws his conclusions from a large number of most important documents, nearly all of which have not been published previously in the English language. He shows how "a Government can make or unmake the character of a nation" by maintaining the thesis that "a government which governs can easily form the habits and character of the people." No one doubts after he has read Mr. Barker's book through that "the chief cause of Germany's strength is discipline." All of his chapters are presented in a scholarly and penetrating style and the author speaks as one who has authority. Americans will know much more intelligently how to govern America if they read this book and give heed to the author's advice.-J. M. G.