NASA Study Group on Machine Intelligence and Robotics Subject Algirdas A. Avizienis David A. Rennels Herbert Hecht Danny Cohen William M. Whitney Alan Perlis Ivan Sutherland Algirdas A. Avizienis Jet Propulsion Laboratory September 30, 1977 Speaker Architectures for S/C Computers - Introduction and Overview Architectures for S/C Computers - Discussions Trends in Computer Architectures - Multiprocessor Architectures Trends in Computer Architectures - Discussions Trends in LSI Technology - New Directions in MOS Technology Panel Discussion Panel Discussion Panel Discussion Panel Discussion Panel Discussion NASA Study Group on Machine Intelligence and Robotics Speaker David Blanchard Richard des Jardins Stephen R. McReynolds John Y. Sos John J. Quann Robert D. Chapman Robert Balzer Leonard Friedman B. Gentry Lee Azriel Rosenfeld Nico Habermann Brian Smith Warren Teitelman Allen Newell Donald A. Norman Thomas B. Sheridan Donald A. Norman Goddard Space Flight Center November 30, 1977 Subject NASA Organizations and Project Development Programs A Typical NASA End-to-End Data System Mission Independent Ground Operation Systems Survey of NASA Applications of Advanced Automation Trends in Space Telemetry Data Processing Large Data Base Application Requirements Need of Space Lab Facility Class Instruments of the Future Report on MSFC Data Management Symposium Report on AIAA Computers in Aerospace Conference Mission Operations for Planetary Missions Viking Mission Operation Strategy Viking Lander Software System Development Methodology Spacial Data Bases: Problems and Prospects Program Specification and Verification Aspects of Program Specifications KRL: Knowledge Representation Language ALPHARD: A Language for the Development of Structured Programs ZOG: An Iterative System for Exploring Large Knowledge Bases Discussion Discussion NASA Study Group on Machine Intelligence and Robotics Speaker Brian O'Leary Earle M. Crum George F. von Tiesenhausen W. H. Steurer C. C. Kraft Allen J. Louviere Robert V. Powell Ted Carey Hugh J. Dudley Johnson Space Center February 1-2, 1978 Subject The Mining, Delivery and Processing of Non-Terrestrial Materials in Space Space Processing and Manufacturing Recovery of Lunar Metals for Terrestrial Consumption Discussions Attached Manipulators and Fabrication in Space Large Antenna Reflectors Deployment and Erection Geostationary Platform Studies and Teleoperators Fabrication in Space and Simulation of Fabrication Operations Human Performance and Man-Machine Allocation for Space Tasks NASA Study Group on Machine Intelligence and Robotics NASA Headquarters March 8-9, 1978 Workshop V Speaker Donald Williams/ Alex F. H. Goetz Thomas Young Edward J. Groth James Cutts Raj Reddy David Schaeffer Graham Nudd Q. R. Mitchell B. R. Hunt V. Casler/Ivan Sutherland Berthold Horn Azriel Rosenfeld Subject Automated Scene Analysis for Space Systems Application of AI to Remote Sensing At the Frontiers of Earth Resources Image Processing DMA Applications of Automatic Cartography & Possible Requirements for Machine Geological Resource Exploration Future Mission Requirements Radar Imaging, Venus Orbiting Radar, SEASAT Large Space Telescopes Planetary Geology SMU Signal Processor The Massive Parallel Processor (MPP) CCD Image Processing Coding and Data Compression Techniques Enhancement, Restoration, and Geometric Transformations Graphics and Simulation Systems Motion and Texture Relaxation Algorithms Segmentation Appendix B Marvin Minsky. "Steps Toward Artificial Intelligence," pp 406-450, in Computers and Thoughts, edited by Edward A. Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman, copyrighted 1963 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Reproduced by permission of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., successor to the Institute of Radio Engineers, original copyright holder of the Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, January 1961, Vol 49, pp 8-30. STEPS TOWARD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE by Marvin Minsky Introduction A visitor to our planet might be puzzled about the role of con:puters in our technology. On the one hand, he would read and hear all about wonderful "mechanical brains" baffling their creators with prodigious intellectual performance. And he (or it) would be warned that these machines must be restrained, lest they overwhelm us by might, persuasion, or even by the revelation of truths too terrible to be borne. On the other hand, our visitor would find the machines being denounced, on all sides, for their slavish obedience, unimaginative literal interpretations, and incapacity for innovation or initiative; in short, for their inhuman dullness. Our visitor might remain puzzled if he set out to find, and judge for himself, these monsters. For he would find only a few machines (mostly "general-purpose" computers, programmed for the moment to behave according to some specification) doing things that might claim any real intellectual status. Some would be proving mathematical theorems of rather undistinguished character. A few machines might be playing certain games, occasionally defeating their designers. Some might be distinguishing between hand-printed letters. Is this enough to justify so much interest, let alone deep concern? I believe that it is; that we are on the threshold of an era that will be strongly influenced, and quite possibly dominated, by intelligent problem-solving machines. But our purpose is not to guess about what the future may bring; it is only to try to describe and explain what seem now to be our first steps toward the construction of "artificial intelligence." 406 |