Reflexions on the Metaphysical Principles of the Infinitesimal Analysis |
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Reflexions on the Metaphysical Principles of the Infinitesimal Analysis Lazare Carnot No preview available - 2015 |
Reflexions on the Metaphysical Principles of the Infinitesimal Analysis Lazare Carnot,W. R. Browell No preview available - 2017 |
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absciss amongst approach continually arbitrary quantities Assigned Quantities auxiliary quantities Calculus of Variations call infinitely small called Infinitesimals circle common algebra consequently considered coordinates Corollary curve differ as little Differential Calculus difficulty eliminate employed equal to zero error example exist expression find the ratio finite quantities functions geometricians hence hypothesis idea indeterminate quantities infinitely small quantities Infinitesimal Analysis Infinitesimal Calculus Integral Calculus John Landen Lagrange law of continuity Leibnitz less Maxima and Minima means metaphysical principles method of exhaustion method of fluxions method of Indeterminate method of Indivisibles method of limits neglecting Newton notation number of sides object operations ordinate perfectly exact prime and ultimate proposed quantities question radius real quantities reduced regard regular polygon result rigorous shew subtangent supposed as small tangent theory tion tities ultimate ratios unassigned vanishing quantities variable variation velocity whilst ᎡᏃ
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Page 113 - This book is a preservation photocopy. It is made in compliance with copyright law and produced on acid-free archival 60# book weight paper which meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper) Preservation photocopying and binding by Acme Bookbinding Charlestown, Massachusetts 2002 2044 022 705
Page 61 - to prove that the area of a circle is equal to the product of its circumference by the half of its radius
Page 20 - For example, by regarding a curve as a polygon, with an infinite number of sides each infinitely small, and which when produced is the tangent of the curve, it is clear that we make
Page 1 - when it is impossible to find the exact solution of a question, it is natural to endeavour to approach to it, as nearly as possible, by neglecting quantities which embarrass the combinations, if it be foreseen that these quantities which have been
Page 49 - its radius the mean proportional between the side of the cone and the radius of the circle of the base
Page 5 - is equal to the product of its perimeter into the half of the perpendicular drawn from the centre upon one of its sides ; hence the circle being considered as a polygon of a great number of sides, its area ought to equal the product of the circumference into half the radius;
Page 90 - convinced of the exactness of its results by the geometrical method of prime and ultimate ratios, or by the
Page 47 - gave to this operation the name of " the method of Exhaustion." As these polygons terminated by straight lines were known figures, their continual approach to the curve gave an idea of it more and more precise, and the law of continuity serving as a guide,
Page 47 - could eventually arrive at the exact knowledge of its properties. But it was not sufficient for geometricians to have observed, and as it were guessed, at these properties : it was necessary to verify them in an unexceptionable way; and this they did by proving, that every supposition contrary to the existence of these properties would necessarily lead to some contradiction
Page 35 - by a constant quantity. For the same reason, if any two quantities whatever differ in an infinitely small degree from each other, their differentials will also differ from one another infinitely little: and reciprocally, if two differential quantities differ infinitely little from one another, their integrals, putting aside the constant, can also differ but infinitely little one from the other.