An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism

Abbasid Abū accepted active Anatolia appear Arab authority Ayatu'llāh Baghdad became become began believed Caliph called caused centre century claim close concept considered continued death designation died doctrine dynasty early fact Faqih Figure given Hasan held Hidden Imam Husayn Imam important India influence Iran Iranian Iraq Isfahan Islam Ja'far Karbalā Khumayni knowledge known later leader leadership leading lived major marja matters Medina movement Muḥammad mujtahids Muslim Najaf Occultation occurred particular period Persian persons political population position present prominent Prophet Qumm quoted Qur'an referred regarded religion religious remained representative rule Safavid Sayyid scholar School sect Shāh Shaykh Shi'a Shi'i Shi'ism Shrine sources Studied succession successor Sufi Sunni Traditions tribes Twelver Twelver Shi'i ulama writings