The Enclave Economy: Foreign Investment and Sustainable Development in Mexico's Silicon ValleyForeign investment has been widely perceived as a panacea for developing countries--as a way to reduce poverty and kick-start sustainable modern industries. The Enclave Economy calls this prescription into question, showing that Mexico's post-NAFTA experience of foreign direct investment in its information technology sector, particularly in the Guadalajara region, did not result in the expected benefits. Charting the rise and fall of Mexico's "Silicon Valley," the authors explore issues that resonate through much of Latin America and the developing world: the social, economic, and environmental effects of market-driven globalization. In the 1990s, Mexico was a poster child for globalization, throwing open its borders to trade and foreign investment, embracing NAFTA, and ending the government's role in strengthening domestic industry. But The Enclave Economy shows that although Mexico was initially successful in attracting multinational corporations, foreign investments waned in the absence of active government support and as China became increasingly competitive. Moreover, the authors find that foreign investment created an "enclave economy" the benefits of which were confined to an international sector not connected to the wider Mexican economy. In fact, foreign investment put many local IT firms out of business and transferred only limited amounts of environmentally sound technology. The authors suggest policies and strategies that will enable Mexico and other developing countries to foster foreign investment for sustainable development in the future. Kevin P. Gallagher is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Boston University and Senior Researcher at the Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University. He is the author of Free Trade and the Environment: Mexico, NAFTA, and Beyond and other books. Lyuba Zarsky is a Consultant and Senior Research Fellow at the Global Development and Environment Institute. She is a contributing editor of Investment for Sustainable Development: Balancing Rights and Rewards. |
From inside the book
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... average of $ 58 billion a year between 1970 and 1990 , FDI inflows swelled to an average of $ 311 billion per year between 1992 and 1997. FDI was $ 691 billion in 1998 , $ 1.1 trillion in 1999 , and $ 1.4 trillion ( 4 percent of global ...
... average rate of only 2.7 percent per year . Indeed , GDP growth in the 1990s was less than half the 6.7 percent average growth rate under the ISI policies of the 1970s . Even in the tumultuous 1980s , GDP grew an average of 3.7 percent ...
... average levels of air pollution in the 1990s were 5 times those of OECD countries and twice the world average . Water pollution fares no better , with biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solid levels well above world averages ...
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Emergence of Mexicos Enclave Economy | 43 |
A Profile of the | 71 |
Copyright | |
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