A Reprint of Annual Reports and Other Papers on the Geology of the Virginias |
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Common terms and phrases
Alumina Alumina and oxide anticlinal Appalachian argillaceous axis band basin beds belt beneath Blue Ridge bluish calcareous Carbonate of lime Carbonate of magnesia character Cheat river clay coal measures coal region coal seams coarse colour compact conglomerate containing creek deposit direction distance district east eastern Eocene Epidotic exposed exposures extending feet felspathic ferruginous flexures formation fossils fracture fragments furnace geological Gneiss grains green sand grey hills Hornblende inches James river Kingwood layers limestone localities lower lying magnesia margin marl mass materials matter Mica micaceous middle secondary miles mineral Miocene mountain mouth nearly numerous observations occurs oxide of iron points portion Potomac present quarried quartz region rocks sandstone sandy seen shales shells side Silica slate slaty springs strata stratum structure surface synclinal Talcose Tertiary texture thickness thin tion trace tract upper valley variety veins vicinity Virginia western yellow
Popular passages
Page 745 - A series of sandy, argillaceous, and often calcareous strata, the predominant colour of which is brick red, but containing portions which are of a greenish grey. These occur often in spots and stripes, 'so that the series has sometimes been called the variegated sandstone. The European formation so called lies in a geological position immediately above the coal measures.
Page 633 - ... horizontal direction, there being. . .little or no cohesion between one stratum and another. The part of the earth that is first raised, being bent from its natural form, will endeavour to restore itself by its elasticity, and the parts next to it, beginning to have their weight supported by the...
Page 745 - OXIDE. The combination of a metal with oxygen ; rust is oxide of iron. OXYGEN. One of the constituent parts of the air of the atmosphere ; that part which supports life. For a further explanation of the word, consult elementary works on chemistry.
Page 633 - Suppose a large cloth, or carpet (spread upon a floor) to be raised at one edge, and then suddenly brought down again to the floor, the air under it being by this means propelled, will pass along, till it escapes at the opposite side, raising the cloth in a wave all the way as it goes.
Page 744 - Mechanical origin Rocks of, Rocks composed of sand, pebbles or fragments, are so called, to distinguish them from those of a uniform crystalline texture, which are of chemical origin. Mica. A simple mineral having a shining silvery surface, and capable Of being split into very thin elastic leaves or scales.
Page 117 - ... sandstone, then another coal seam of four feet; again a stratum of sandstone, and over it a seven feet vein of coal ; over this, a heavy bed of iron ore, and crowning the series, an enormous coal seam of from fifteen to twenty feet in thickness.
Page 739 - If a range of hills, or a valley, be composed of strata, which, on the two sides, dip in opposite directions, the imaginary line that lies between them, towards which the strata on each side rise, is called the anticlinal axis.
Page 746 - QUA-QUA-VERSAL DIP. The dip of beds to all points of the compass around a centre, as in the case of beds of lava round the crater of a volcano. Etym., yuA-qud versum, on every side.
Page 68 - The uniform occurrence of the Pectens, and Ammonites, through so wide a range, over one particular thin bed of coal, while they are not found in any other part of the coal strata. is one of the most curious phenomena yet observed concerning the distribution of organic remains, and will, undoubtedly, be found of the highest importance in all...