The Present Tense in Modern Hindi FictionThe Present Tense in Modern Hindi Fiction contributes to the interpretation of Hindi prose by analysing the use of the present tense in over 250 texts. While sketching the history of the present tense in Hindi fiction, the book focuses primarily on the narrative techniques that invite its use, such as interior monologue, free indirect discourse, consonant psycho-narration, and camera eye. Moreover, it offers a fresh interpretation of the two types of present tense found in Hindi. The indexes of authors, titles, and analytical concepts provide easy access to the analyses. The book will also be of interest to scholars studying the use of the present tense in modern fiction worldwide. The present tense is used more widely in Hindi than in languages such as English, and some trends that are also found in the literatures of other languages (such as the occurrence of the present tense in internal sensory focalisation) are more clearly visible in Hindi fiction. More importantly, a new explanation of present-tense passages is proposed which can also be applied elsewhere. Insight into this technique, referred to as Internal Focalisation of Awareness, leads to a better understanding of present-tense texts. |
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Page 81
... wrote Raje a short , intense love letter . It contained only one matter apart from love , that is , when her exams would begin and end ” ( 33 ) . In this very summary past - tense narratorial report , the surprising combination of ...
... wrote Raje a short , intense love letter . It contained only one matter apart from love , that is , when her exams would begin and end ” ( 33 ) . In this very summary past - tense narratorial report , the surprising combination of ...
Page 184
... wrote the notes , not for a private purpose ( in which case it would be a diary , see chapter 13 below ) but in order to inform and teach others , the present tense is here used for emo- tive - cum - affective reasons , with the ...
... wrote the notes , not for a private purpose ( in which case it would be a diary , see chapter 13 below ) but in order to inform and teach others , the present tense is here used for emo- tive - cum - affective reasons , with the ...
Page 217
... wrote his book was regarded as its main function in other languages . In his view , the frequency of past reference of the present tense has its basis in the reg- ular occurrence of the present tense after verbs denoting perception ...
... wrote his book was regarded as its main function in other languages . In his view , the frequency of past reference of the present tense has its basis in the reg- ular occurrence of the present tense after verbs denoting perception ...
Contents
Quoted discourse and internal focalisation | 14 |
Internal focalisation of awareness | 33 |
Psychological insight in early texts | 48 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
actions actorial addresses appears awareness beginning belongs brief called chapter character character-bound character's close comes concerned consonant psycho-narration contains contents continuous present contrast deals Delhi direct discussed effect emotional entire example experiencing explained expresses eyes fact feelings final flashback forms frequent furnished girl haim hand Hindi hūṁ indicated initial inquit insight interior monologue internal focalisation interpretation introduction lack later leave less look main character means meṁ mind moment mother narrative narrator narratorial nature noted novel observed occurs paragraph passage past tense perception performing person preceding present tense protagonist quoted rahā rahi reader refer remembers retroversions reveals scene seems seen sentence shows similar situation starts story style subjective suggests take place taken takes techniques tells term thinking third thoughts tion told verb woman written