The Present Tense in Modern Hindi FictionThe Present Tense in Modern Hindi Fiction contributes to the interpretation of Hindi prose by analysing the use of the present tense in over 250 texts. While sketching the history of the present tense in Hindi fiction, the book focuses primarily on the narrative techniques that invite its use, such as interior monologue, free indirect discourse, consonant psycho-narration, and camera eye. Moreover, it offers a fresh interpretation of the two types of present tense found in Hindi. The indexes of authors, titles, and analytical concepts provide easy access to the analyses. The book will also be of interest to scholars studying the use of the present tense in modern fiction worldwide. The present tense is used more widely in Hindi than in languages such as English, and some trends that are also found in the literatures of other languages (such as the occurrence of the present tense in internal sensory focalisation) are more clearly visible in Hindi fiction. More importantly, a new explanation of present-tense passages is proposed which can also be applied elsewhere. Insight into this technique, referred to as Internal Focalisation of Awareness, leads to a better understanding of present-tense texts. |
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Page 42
... furnished by the narrator , who also adds some comment . The above discussion of Internal Focalisation of Awareness concerns examples all taken from texts told by visible narrators , where IFA is less arguable than in texts where the ...
... furnished by the narrator , who also adds some comment . The above discussion of Internal Focalisation of Awareness concerns examples all taken from texts told by visible narrators , where IFA is less arguable than in texts where the ...
Page 117
... furnished by Pořízka ( 1972 : § 1,1 ) , who translates the last exam- ple " I am coming from far ... I am coming from very distant countries " . The context of a few examples , quoted from coursebooks , is not clear . Some others are ...
... furnished by Pořízka ( 1972 : § 1,1 ) , who translates the last exam- ple " I am coming from far ... I am coming from very distant countries " . The context of a few examples , quoted from coursebooks , is not clear . Some others are ...
Page 202
... furnished in chapter 6. Semelfactive actions by others are likewise expressed through both types of present tense , with the same explanation . 8 The basic tense of the text is the present but the past tense is found to express ...
... furnished in chapter 6. Semelfactive actions by others are likewise expressed through both types of present tense , with the same explanation . 8 The basic tense of the text is the present but the past tense is found to express ...
Contents
Quoted discourse and internal focalisation | 14 |
Internal focalisation of awareness | 33 |
Psychological insight in early texts | 48 |
Copyright | |
9 other sections not shown
Common terms and phrases
actions actorial addresses appears awareness beginning belongs brief called chapter character character-bound character's close comes concerned consonant psycho-narration contains contents continuous present contrast deals Delhi direct discussed effect emotional entire example experiencing explained expresses eyes fact feelings final flashback forms frequent furnished girl haim hand Hindi hūṁ indicated initial inquit insight interior monologue internal focalisation interpretation introduction lack later leave less look main character means meṁ mind moment mother narrative narrator narratorial nature noted novel observed occurs paragraph passage past tense perception performing person preceding present tense protagonist quoted rahā rahi reader refer remembers retroversions reveals scene seems seen sentence shows similar situation starts story style subjective suggests take place taken takes techniques tells term thinking third thoughts tion told verb woman written