Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and ComputationUnderstanding causal structure is a central task of human cognition. Causal learning underpins the development of our concepts and categories, our intuitive theories, and our capacities for planning, imagination and inference. During the last few years, there has been an interdisciplinary revolution in our understanding of learning and reasoning: Researchers in philosophy, psychology, and computation have discovered new mechanisms for learning the causal structure of the world. This new work provides a rigorous, formal basis for theory theories of concepts and cognitive development, and moreover, the causal learning mechanisms it has uncovered go dramatically beyond the traditional mechanisms of both nativist theories, such as modularity theories, and empiricist ones, such as association or connectionism. |
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Page 10
Instrumental and Imitative Learning Thorndike found that cats could learn to escape from cages by trial and error, and that with practice, the cats became faster at escaping. He described this as the law of effect: Actions with positive ...
Instrumental and Imitative Learning Thorndike found that cats could learn to escape from cages by trial and error, and that with practice, the cats became faster at escaping. He described this as the law of effect: Actions with positive ...
Page 11
The Rescorla-Wagner theory (R-W theory; 1972) specified that learning occurred on a trial-by-trial basis and predicted that early trials would be more important to learning than later trials. In its simplest form, the R-W equation for ...
The Rescorla-Wagner theory (R-W theory; 1972) specified that learning occurred on a trial-by-trial basis and predicted that early trials would be more important to learning than later trials. In its simplest form, the R-W equation for ...
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In a badly designed clinical trial, an experimenter might be subconsciously influenced, in decisions to give a drug to some patients and withhold it from others, by the health of the patients; his decisions are voluntary and yet ...
In a badly designed clinical trial, an experimenter might be subconsciously influenced, in decisions to give a drug to some patients and withhold it from others, by the health of the patients; his decisions are voluntary and yet ...
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Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation Alison Gopnik,Laura Schulz Limited preview - 2007 |
Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation Alison Gopnik,Laura Schulz Limited preview - 2007 |
Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation Alison Gopnik,Laura Schulz Limited preview - 2007 |
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actions adults algorithms Bayesian inference Bayesian networks behavior beliefs birth control pills blicket detector Cambridge causal Bayes nets causal chain causal inference causal knowledge causal learning causal Markov condition causal model causal networks causal power causal reasoning causal relations causal relationships causal strength causal structure causal system chapter Cognitive Science common cause computational condition conditional independence conditional probabilities correlation counterfactuals covariation cues deterministic Development Developmental Psychology domain effect evidence example experiments explanations Figure framework Fuel Intake Glymour Gopnik graph schema graphical models Hagmayer human independent infants intervention interventionist intuitive theories Lagnado Laplace learners manipulated Markov Markov random field mechanism Meltzoff object observed outcome participants people’s Piston predictions prior probabilistic probabilistic graphical models probability distribution psychological question Reichenbach represent representation Schulz Sloman Sobel specific statistical stickball Tenenbaum thrombosis tion trials underlying understanding unobserved cause variables Waldmann Wellman Woodward
Bibliographic information
| Title | Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation Oxford Series in Cognitive Development |
| Editors | Alison Gopnik, Laura Schulz |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press, 2007 |
| ISBN | 019803928X, 9780198039280 |
| Length | 384 pages |
| Subjects | › Psychology / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |