NEW PERIODICALS Accountants' Review. New York. Semimonthly. Action nationale (L'). Paris. Monthly. A general periodical. Al-Sufur. Cairo. Weekly. Arabic newspaper. Far Eastern Bureau. Bulletin. Continuation of Oriental News and Comment. New York. Semi-monthly. Forest Hills Gardens Bulletin. Forest Hills Gardens, L. I. Weekly. Free City: a Journal of Neighborhood. New York. Monthly. Gale's Magazine. Mexico City. Monthly. New thought, socialism, and occultism. Humanité (L'): journal socialiste. Paris. Daily. Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario. Bulletin. Toronto. Monthly. India-Portugeza. Boletim de agricultura. Nova Goa. Quarterly. Industrial Lenders News. Harrisburg, Pa. Official organ of American Industrial Licensed Lenders Association. Harrisburg, Pa. Monthly. Iranian Association Journal. Bombay. Monthly. Lake Periscope (The). Published by the employees of The Lake Torpedo Boat Co. Bridgeport. Monthly. Land and Liberty. Continuation of Land Values. Organ of The English League for the Taxation of Land Values. London. Monthly. [ 497 ] Montagne (La). Published by Club Alpin Français. Paris. Monthly. Morse Dry Dock Dial (The). Brooklyn. Monthly. Devoted to the welfare of the Employees' Association of the Morse Company. New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts and Agricultural Experiment Station. Press Bulletin. State College, New Mexico. Irregularly. New York University Alumni News. New York. Monthly. Paix des Peuples (La). Revue internationale de l'Organisation Politique et Économique. Paris. Semi-monthly. Production. London. Monthly. Covers all phases of production and allied subjects. Przeglad Techniczny (Technical Review). by Public Education Association of the City of New York. New York. Weekly. Radio Amateur News. New York. Monthly. Recruit (The). Continuation of Great Lakes Recruit. Great Lakes, Ill. Monthly. Revista Mexicana de derecho internacional. Mexico, D. F. Quarterly. Rivista tecnica delle ferrovie italiane. Roma. Published by Collegio Nazionale degli Ingegneri Ferroviari Italiani. Monthly. WAR MEMORIALS A LIST OF REFERENCES IN THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY COMPILED BY F. WEITENKAMPF Chief, Art and Prints Division The question of war memorials, in various countries as early as 1915. increase in writings on this subject. referred to in a note in the July BULLETIN, began to occupy people In the last year and a half, especially, there has been a noteworthy The present annotated list is offered as a help toward choosing the appropriate memorial for the given instance. Obviously absolute completeness is unattainable, even if newspaper comments and editorials, which must have been numerous throughout the land, are disregarded. The present list is supplemented by a collection of cuttings housed in the Art Division of the Library. In both list and cuttings, all material relating to memorials of other days, often the product of patriotism without aesthetic restraint, has been omitted. That, of course, does not mean that consideration of the basic principles underlying sculpture and monumental structures has been omitted. It is precisely this that has been emphasized. It is general principles that are needed, rather than individual examples to be copied blindly. An article in the Town Planning Review divides memorials into those which involve structural embodiment and those which do not. We have to do here with the former; that excludes, for example, medals. As for the rest, the full annotations and summaries, which follow many of the titles, should help toward that practical aid to which this list is supposed to guide. It is as an instrument for immediate need that it has been prepared, not as an academic affair. And in the matter of immediateness, it is well to note that various writers listed here sound the warning to make haste slowly. American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the matter of memorials. (American architect, Feb. 5, 1919, p. 202.) MQA "An appeal that all memorials...be of the highest artistic merit. Reference is made to the National Commission of Fine Arts, and the admirable effect that this commission has had upon the character of national memorials. Similar commissions in states and municipalities have been doing good work, but it is necessary that supervision of memorials everywhere be by equally competent authority.' American Civic Association. Civic comment. no. 2. July 16, 1919. Clipping Collection, Room 229 Trees, rose-garden, university halls, parks, highways, are suggested. American Federation of Arts. Second circular, Feb. 24, 1919: War memorials. 4 p. 8°. MAAD Suggestions to those who are considering erection of war memorials. (Art and archæology, v. 8, March, 1919, p. 124.) MTA See also Evening Post (N. Y.), May 17, 1919, and N. Y. Times, May 18, 1919, on the A. F. A.'s activity. War memorials. (American magazine of art, v. 10, p. 180-183.) MAA List of Advisory Committee of American Federation of Arts, the committee to advise organizations intending to erect war memorials how to secure work "having artistic merit.' "Pains should be taken to make organizations understand that the Committee is not interested in any particular form of memorial or in any particular artists." The following principles adopted: Memorials may take many forms, varying with the nature of the site, the amount of money available, the desires and needs of the community. Among many types may be mentioned: flag staff with memorial base, fountain, bridge, building devoted to high purposes, educational or humani. tarian, tablets, gateways, symbolic groups, portrait statues, medals, stained glass windows, village green. Professional advisers necessary. This committee of the A. F. A. is referred to also in the American Architect, March 26, 1919, p. 461. War memorials. (Architect and engineer, June, 1919, p. 92-94.) MQA "Memorials of the great war," Charles Moore; "The permanent memorial," Arnold W. Brunner; "War's teachings," R. C. Sturgis; "Typical Memorials," I, F. W. MacMonnies; II, P. W. Bartlett; III, H. A. MacNeil; "Essentials in memorial art," H. Saint-Gaudens; "Six good memorials," H. Bacon; "The memorial tablet," A. Adams; "Fine monuments," I, E. C. Tarbell; II, F. J. Mather, Jr.; "How a war memorial was planned," S. Baxter; "The spirit [ 499 ] General Works, continued. of war memorials," C. Beaux; "Memorials in painting," V. Oakley; "Appropriateness in memorials, Mrs. S. Van Rensselaer. "It may well be doubted," says Charles Moore, "whether the time has come to express the ideas and ideals of the Great War... There is, however, one class of memorials clearly called for. There is no community so remote, so small, that it has not sent some of its sons and daughters into the Great War. ...Somewhere, in some manner, the name of every man and women who had an active part in war work should find due and fitting record in the community... in simple, straightforward manner. The favorite memorial will be the tablet... A certain firm of American bronze-tablet makers has. applied to sculptors to prepare designs that could be reproduced indefinitely. To an artist, indefinite reproduction of a single design, irrespective of location, lighting, or expression of individual character, is distasteful... Eminently fitting is a flagstaff. The bridge..., fountains..., the village green, gateways to parks, stained glass windows..., portrait statues [are acceptable]." Benson, A. C. Lest we forget: a word on war memorials. (Cornhill magazine, new series, v. 41, Sept., 1916, p. 295-301.) * DA "We must have a plan and a purpose, and not be in too great a hurry... Let us commemorate by a memorial which arrests the eye, is gratefully remembered, and by an inscription which touches the heart... We are always weak in allegorical representation... We ought to fight shy of elaborate designs. What we need is simplicity of statement with perhaps a touch of emblem... I hope that we shall not accumulate resources on one national monument, to astonish tourists and feed our vanity; but that as many places as possible should have a record." Brockway, A. L. Observations on types of memorials. (American architect, April 9, 1919, p. 511-514.) MQA "In order promptly to celebrate...it has been necessary to do a good deal of work of a temporary character... which will soon disappear. Anything done to commemorate participation in this World War should be most carefully considered... The Triumphal Arch invariably commemorated...wars of aggression and conquest... I cannot see the appropriateness of the Triumphal Arch or monumental symbols of ancient times commemorating events of fundamentally different character. The monuments which we erect should be expressive of our lives, of a type and kind which would keep before our eyes those great principles and thoughts of the government upon which the United States was founded." Budden, Lionel B. The regional and civic commemoration of the war. (Town planning review, Liverpool, vol. 7, March, 1918, p. 183-194.) MSA "All projects for commemorating the war can be placed in one of two categories those which involve structural embodiment and those which do not. It will be the object of this article to submit a programme in reference to the former. "Four main classes are comprised within it: I. Monuments. II. Works of public utility. III. Institutions with an educative, philanthropic or other social purpose. IV. Functional structures of Types II. and III. monumentally treated. "Any memorial [must] be appropriate to the subject which has inspired it... In democratic countries memorials having a practical purpose will be preferred to those which simply record or are sym bolical... The present war is...unexampled...and requires to be commemorated in a manner not less exalted... If minor and particular monuments are inadequate, and Titanic conceptions of a non-utilitarian kind impracticable, one alternative remains a programme of Regional and Civic Design. Constructive work which will benefit the community must be justifiable on economic grounds.. Only Regional and Civic Design are capable of satisfying these requirements and of achieving at the same time a noble and permanent expression of our ideals." The article, written from the British standpoint, suggests legislation, a commission, and grouping of regions. N. Y. Times, Aug. 4, 1918, has a note on this "extensive program of regional and civic design." Civic Arts Association. Competition for war memorials. illus. (Architectural review, London, Aug., 1916, p. 35–39.) Clarke, Somers. War memorials. (Architect and contract reporter, London, vol. 96, July 14, 1916, p. 22-23.) † MQA Introduction to thirty-ninth annual report of Committee of Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. "Concerned...with ill-considered memorials both within and around our venerable and beautiful old churches...the congruity of the memorial with its surroundings... As a specimen of hopeless incongruity, the Tennyson memorial outside Lincoln Minster... It is a common thing for sculptors to be invited to send in their schemes when the situation of the memorial has not yet been decided upon... The nave of Winchester Cathedral...is sadly defaced by specimens of brass... One of our noblest buildings defaced by the glassmakers Westminster Abbey." Danger in "war memorials." (Minnesota municipalities, v. 4, April, 1919, p. 62.) SERA Gillies, J. W. The effect of war upon architecture. (Arts and decoration, May, 1919, p. 7-9, 38-42.) MAA "Great memorials will spring up all over the country. They will be monumental... Let us hope they will be in stone." A Great variety of war memorials. (N. Y. Public Library. Municipal reference notes, * HND April 2, 1919, p. 266.) "A National Committee on Memorial Buildings (261 Broadway) has been formed, which has issued two bulletins." See under NATIONAL, in section "Community Houses." Kansas. Legislature. Hero memorials for the cities and counties of Kansas, April 8, 1919. 4 p. (House Bill no. 690.) This bill was approved March 22, 1919. Memorials and monuments; competition and exhibition of the Civic Arts Association. (Country life, London, vol. 39, May 13, 1916, p. 2*–6*.) + MVA The classes include monument, wall tablets, mural painting, fountain, "inexpensive memorials for the home.' Memorials of war. I. Ancient; II. Renaissance; III. Napoleonic; IV. Modern British; V. Modern French; VI. Modern Italian; VII. American; VIII. German. By R. R. P. and A. E. R. pl. and illus. (Architectural review, London, 1915, Feb. May, July - Oct., Dec.; 1916, Nov.) † MQA Appeared also in American Magazine of Art, vol. 10, 1919, p. 99-100, and in Pall Mall Gazette, Aug. 26, 1918. "The tendency to confuse philanthropy, utility, and art is often disastrous... Wings of hospitals, baths, libraries, etc., all excellent civic objects, do not for that reason become memorials of a great historic event. War memorials [must] make plain what they commemorate. Locality, surroundings and local associations must be carefully regarded. It might be possible to have some central idea on the lines, perhaps, of beautiful market crosses, to attempt...a united scheme emblematic in stereotyped form... Of course the Imperial War Museum...and the other museums... will naturally be permanent records of the great endeavour of the nation. While not themselves symbolic monuments of the war...the buildings will lend themselves naturally to combinations of a sculptural character." (Builder, Lon† MQA Monuments and reason. don, v. 110, Feb. 4, 1916, p. 99.) "Practical demands on the Nation's depleted resources will be so enormous that it is unlikely that any great war memorials will be carried out within a decade of the termination of the war. Small personal memorials will no doubt be erected in numbers The delivery of the first of Prof. Adshead's lectures on 'War Memorials: their significance and treatment,' on the 26th ult., was followed by a meeting on the 28th... at which the Civic Arts Association was inaugurated... Monumental art has never been well understood in this country... We believe ...[in] the precept festina lente... Prof. Adshead stated that monuments to commemorate the present war must be conceived on a gigantic scale... Although we appreciate a very able exposition of the subject, we feel that such schemes are alien to the national character... A bridge over the Thames, a Memorial Chapel at Westminster, or a southern embankment along the river are more likely to be the type of memorial schemes which will find support... While we wish to see the cause of the architectural and sculptured arts furthered..., we feel that the process of education must be a very gradual Municipal Art Society of New York City. Bulletin, no. 17, 1919: War memorials, 22 p. illus. MSA "When the project of the War Memorial comes up...three questions arise: the form...possible within the appropriation; its character; whether it shall be entrusted to a profesional artist or a business firm. This Bulletin discusses these questions, illustrating some existing forms of American memorials and suggesting others." Suggestions are: Arch, beacon, bridge, clock tower, colonnade, community house, embarkade, exedra, gateway, library, monumental electrolier, museum or hall, open air theatre, roster column, rostrum, equestrian statue, figure or group, fountain, pylon, cliff sculpture, doors, flag pole and base, avenue, grotto, park, arrangement of war trophies, mosaic or mural painting, stained glass window, tablet. The Municipal Reference Library Notes, N. Y. Public Library, April 21, 1919, p. 266, calls this "one of the most exhaustive studies of the subject yet received." Evening Post (N. Y.), Feb. 1, 1919, and March 29, 1919, and Evening Sun, April 2, 1919, also review this Bulletin, and Arts and decoration, May, 1919, p. 18-19, had a summary: "War Me morials what the Municipal Art Society of New York City is doing about them." [Plates representing war memorials in Great Britain.] (Builder, London, May, 1919.) + MQA Protecting America from the atrocities of art. illus. (Current opinion, N. Y., v. 66, March, 1919, p. 187-188.) * DA Resumé of the appeals of the American Federation of Arts and the Municipal Art Society. Quinton, Cornelia B. Sage. War memorials. (Academy notes, published by the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, v. 14, July Sept., 1919, p. 100-101.) 3 MAA "We cannot create adequate war memorials at present because we are as yet too close to the war. We are still struggling for ideals for which we have only lately ceased to fight... The memorial is erected to honor patriotism and devotion to civilization, [to] commemorate the spirit of the nation as a whole, ...a war of a whole nation doing battle for its weal. The most impressive monument is one which appeals to the imagination alone, ...devoid of practical utility... Display of wealth and overelaborateness are... vulgar. If the utilitarian structure shall be used, it is of first importance that it shall impress by beauty of design...and fitness of setting... Bridges..., fountains, buildings devoted to purposes educational or humanitarian..., whether large or small, ...should be an inspiration... This work should not be hurried. We must learn the lesson of patience." Report on Victory Memorial [for Portland, by the Oregon Chapter of Architects. (Architect and engineer of California, v. 57, 1919, p. 97-100.) MQA "The scheme contemplates a monumental treatment of the park blocks which become an approach to the great shaft of victory -the Memorial Park, Memorial Hospital, and Victory Highway to the State Capitol." War memorials. Architects. (American Institute of Journal, v. 7, 1919, p. 30-32.) MQA "Expert services are needed before any suitable memorial can take form, but what is needed more is a national consciousness seeking to memorialize a spiritual experience... Is it too much to hope that the memorials will utterly fail to glorify war and victory, and while paying homage to heroism, also point to a... humanity and brotherhood which will refuse ever again to adopt war as a means of settling any issue? To that end, is it not important to consider forms of memorials where men and women and chidren may meet...for work and play? Let us bring men together and not leave them cold with the frigidity of monuments that lose their power to influence. Let us...build something democratic... Our men died for more and better life...- that must be our memorial to their sacrifice." A number of communciations and notes follow: One asks "why arches?" A Philadelphia conference resolved that the designing be entrusted only to artists "of the highest standing." Port Chester, N. Y., is developing a park as a memorial, community houses are considered, and a flag-staff base is sug gested. (Architect, London, v. 96, Aug. 18, † MQA 1916, p. 98-99.) By E. F. C. Reprinted from Manchester Guar dian. "The Greeks...preferred the direct expression of feeling to any historical delineation... The eighteenth century is almost wholly allegorical.. Much greater individuality of character is found in Renaissance monuments... [In] recent work, few are the examples we would wish studied... Of recent private or corporate memorials I cannot call to mind a single eminent success.' |