St. Augustine and the Theory of Just WarThe decline of the Roman Empire gave rise to two problems, which combined to form one of the most perplexing philosophical questions of late antiquity. On the one hand, Rome found itself under constant military threat as various tribes from the north and east encroached along its borders to fill the power vacuum left by the receding Empire. On the other hand, adherents to the Empire's new official faith - Christianity - found themselves without clear guidance as to what military roles their faith would permit; the death of the apostles left them without revelatory guidance, and the New Testament writings were not definitive on the subject. The question, then, became: "Can a Christian answer the empire's call to military duty and still answer a clear conscience before God?" Fifth-century philosopher, St Augustine of Hippo, sought to provide a solution to the two problems. His approach formed the foundation of the 'just war' tradition, which has had enormous influence upon moral-philosophical thought on military issues in the West ever since. This major new study identifies the fundamental Augustinian premises and evaluates them in light of historical, neo-Platonic, and Christian contexts. It also identifies the effect of the Augustinian legacy upon medieval and modern philosophical reflections on the nature of warfare and on how war might be waged justly and morally. |
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Page ix
... seems in some sense determined, and a linear conception of man's existence. These and similar issues converge prominently in Augustine because his philosophy constitutes an important intersection between the postulates of ancient Greek ...
... seems in some sense determined, and a linear conception of man's existence. These and similar issues converge prominently in Augustine because his philosophy constitutes an important intersection between the postulates of ancient Greek ...
Page 2
... seems not to take account of the fact that just-war issues receive attention in the writings of earlier Church Fathers.23 In what sense, then, is Augustine fairly to be regarded as the father of just- war theory in the West? He is to be ...
... seems not to take account of the fact that just-war issues receive attention in the writings of earlier Church Fathers.23 In what sense, then, is Augustine fairly to be regarded as the father of just- war theory in the West? He is to be ...
Page 14
... seems to represent the very best of all that is Roman . Augus- tine's estimation of Ambrose is similarly exalted : Ambrose is to Augustine , with respect to Christianity , as Socrates is to Plato , with respect to philosophy . Cicero ...
... seems to represent the very best of all that is Roman . Augus- tine's estimation of Ambrose is similarly exalted : Ambrose is to Augustine , with respect to Christianity , as Socrates is to Plato , with respect to philosophy . Cicero ...
Page 15
... seems not to regard such wars as categorically unjust , but he does seem to regard them as less just than wars fought for revenge or for defence of the Empire : [ W ] hen glory is the object of war , it must still not fail to start from ...
... seems not to regard such wars as categorically unjust , but he does seem to regard them as less just than wars fought for revenge or for defence of the Empire : [ W ] hen glory is the object of war , it must still not fail to start from ...
Page 18
... to allow the propriety of deliberately deceptive practices in warfare in a way that Cicero seems to refuse to coun- tenance.) Ambrose , AD 340–97 This Roman governor of northern Italy 18 Saint Augustine and the Theory of Just War.
... to allow the propriety of deliberately deceptive practices in warfare in a way that Cicero seems to refuse to coun- tenance.) Ambrose , AD 340–97 This Roman governor of northern Italy 18 Saint Augustine and the Theory of Just War.
Contents
1 | |
14 | |
3 Augustines JustWar Theory | 44 |
4 NeoPlatonism and the Augustinian Just War | 92 |
5 Christianity and the Augustinian Just War | 121 |
6 Augustines Theory and Beyond | 161 |
Bibliography | 180 |
Index | 191 |
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Common terms and phrases
Ambrose Amorites Ante-Nicene Fathers army Augus Augustine argues Augustine takes Augustine's just-war theory Augustinian authority Bainton barbarians bellum principle Book of Psalms Catholic cause Christ Christian Church Cicero Cirta citizens City of God claim comparative justice considered defence doctrine Donatist earthly city enemy evil example exists fact faith Fathers Faustus the Manichaean fight Gilson God’s Hence hierarchy History human Ibid injustice James Turner Johnson Jesus jus ad bellum jus in bello justified kind Letter Lord's Sermon Manichæan means merely moral Moses nation nature Neo-Platonic Nevertheless NPNF VII NPNFI Old Testament one’s pacifist Patristic writers peace philosophical Plato Plotinus political position Princeton problem Psalms punishment reason Reply to Faustus result right intention righteous Roman Empire Rome says Augustine Scriptures soldiers sovereign specifically temporal things tine tion Translated true justice ultimate University Press violence violent action virtue wage wars fought writings York