St. Augustine and the Theory of Just WarThe decline of the Roman Empire gave rise to two problems, which combined to form one of the most perplexing philosophical questions of late antiquity. On the one hand, Rome found itself under constant military threat as various tribes from the north and east encroached along its borders to fill the power vacuum left by the receding Empire. On the other hand, adherents to the Empire's new official faith - Christianity - found themselves without clear guidance as to what military roles their faith would permit; the death of the apostles left them without revelatory guidance, and the New Testament writings were not definitive on the subject. The question, then, became: "Can a Christian answer the empire's call to military duty and still answer a clear conscience before God?" Fifth-century philosopher, St Augustine of Hippo, sought to provide a solution to the two problems. His approach formed the foundation of the 'just war' tradition, which has had enormous influence upon moral-philosophical thought on military issues in the West ever since. This major new study identifies the fundamental Augustinian premises and evaluates them in light of historical, neo-Platonic, and Christian contexts. It also identifies the effect of the Augustinian legacy upon medieval and modern philosophical reflections on the nature of warfare and on how war might be waged justly and morally. |
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Page 3
... problem [of just war] more systematically than anyone before him, placing it in the context of a theological world-view that stressed the work of charity in transforming history; thus he shaped just war doctrine in a definitive and ...
... problem [of just war] more systematically than anyone before him, placing it in the context of a theological world-view that stressed the work of charity in transforming history; thus he shaped just war doctrine in a definitive and ...
Page 4
... problem directly nor did he present a unified , internally consistent position.32 Similarly , ' Nowhere do we find in his works anything that could be called a “ theory of the just war ” and we are on safer grounds if we speak about his ...
... problem directly nor did he present a unified , internally consistent position.32 Similarly , ' Nowhere do we find in his works anything that could be called a “ theory of the just war ” and we are on safer grounds if we speak about his ...
Page 5
... problems he chose to discuss and the way in which he handled them.'41 Moreover, 'there is little in his writing on war which springs from theoretical musings or from a dispassionate examination of the question'.42 Although Augustine ...
... problems he chose to discuss and the way in which he handled them.'41 Moreover, 'there is little in his writing on war which springs from theoretical musings or from a dispassionate examination of the question'.42 Although Augustine ...
Page 6
... problem applies not only to any attempt to systematize Augustine's just - war theory , but also to Augus- tine's writings in general – and indeed , to the writings of those philosophical figures later influenced by Augustinism . As ...
... problem applies not only to any attempt to systematize Augustine's just - war theory , but also to Augus- tine's writings in general – and indeed , to the writings of those philosophical figures later influenced by Augustinism . As ...
Page 20
... problem becomes more acute as pertaining to the distinction which Ambrose is willing to allow between believer and non - believer . Consider , for example , Augustine's two cities However , the question arises , ' 20 Saint Augustine and ...
... problem becomes more acute as pertaining to the distinction which Ambrose is willing to allow between believer and non - believer . Consider , for example , Augustine's two cities However , the question arises , ' 20 Saint Augustine and ...
Contents
1 | |
14 | |
3 Augustines JustWar Theory | 44 |
4 NeoPlatonism and the Augustinian Just War | 92 |
5 Christianity and the Augustinian Just War | 121 |
6 Augustines Theory and Beyond | 161 |
Bibliography | 180 |
Index | 191 |
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Common terms and phrases
Ambrose Amorites Ante-Nicene Fathers army Augus Augustine argues Augustine takes Augustine's just-war theory Augustinian authority Bainton barbarians bellum principle Book of Psalms Catholic cause Christ Christian Church Cicero Cirta citizens City of God claim comparative justice considered defence doctrine Donatist earthly city enemy evil example exists fact faith Fathers Faustus the Manichaean fight Gilson God’s Hence hierarchy History human Ibid injustice James Turner Johnson Jesus jus ad bellum jus in bello justified kind Letter Lord's Sermon Manichæan means merely moral Moses nation nature Neo-Platonic Nevertheless NPNF VII NPNFI Old Testament one’s pacifist Patristic writers peace philosophical Plato Plotinus political position Princeton problem Psalms punishment reason Reply to Faustus result right intention righteous Roman Empire Rome says Augustine Scriptures soldiers sovereign specifically temporal things tine tion Translated true justice ultimate University Press violence violent action virtue wage wars fought writings York