St. Augustine and the Theory of Just WarThe decline of the Roman Empire gave rise to two problems, which combined to form one of the most perplexing philosophical questions of late antiquity. On the one hand, Rome found itself under constant military threat as various tribes from the north and east encroached along its borders to fill the power vacuum left by the receding Empire. On the other hand, adherents to the Empire's new official faith - Christianity - found themselves without clear guidance as to what military roles their faith would permit; the death of the apostles left them without revelatory guidance, and the New Testament writings were not definitive on the subject. The question, then, became: "Can a Christian answer the empire's call to military duty and still answer a clear conscience before God?" Fifth-century philosopher, St Augustine of Hippo, sought to provide a solution to the two problems. His approach formed the foundation of the 'just war' tradition, which has had enormous influence upon moral-philosophical thought on military issues in the West ever since. This major new study identifies the fundamental Augustinian premises and evaluates them in light of historical, neo-Platonic, and Christian contexts. It also identifies the effect of the Augustinian legacy upon medieval and modern philosophical reflections on the nature of warfare and on how war might be waged justly and morally. |
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Page 7
... possible without the existence of a commensurately cogent set of underlying , if unstated , assumptions . It is perhaps for this reason that Bainton is willing to argue a position diametrically opposed to that of Miller's and go so far ...
... possible without the existence of a commensurately cogent set of underlying , if unstated , assumptions . It is perhaps for this reason that Bainton is willing to argue a position diametrically opposed to that of Miller's and go so far ...
Page 9
... possible . Jus ad bellum principles Just cause The reason for resorting to war must , itself , be a just reason . Tra- ditionally , just causes have included the defence of the innocent against armed attack , the recovery of persons or ...
... possible . Jus ad bellum principles Just cause The reason for resorting to war must , itself , be a just reason . Tra- ditionally , just causes have included the defence of the innocent against armed attack , the recovery of persons or ...
Page 10
... possible, the establishment or restoration of happiness and human flourishing – in short, a just and lasting peace – must be the end toward which the war is fought. These nine principles, or similar expressions of them in different ...
... possible, the establishment or restoration of happiness and human flourishing – in short, a just and lasting peace – must be the end toward which the war is fought. These nine principles, or similar expressions of them in different ...
Page 14
... possible if the state ceased to exist . Hence , the death of any individual is less to be lamented than the extinction of the state : ' [ T ] here is some similarity ' , Cicero asserts , ' between the overthrow , destruc- tion , and ...
... possible if the state ceased to exist . Hence , the death of any individual is less to be lamented than the extinction of the state : ' [ T ] here is some similarity ' , Cicero asserts , ' between the overthrow , destruc- tion , and ...
Page 15
... possible just causes include not only the defence of the state or its honour , but also the need to take punitive actions ( for ' revenge ' , as Cicero puts it ) .7 Augus- tine will later put a finer point on what justifies a war of ...
... possible just causes include not only the defence of the state or its honour , but also the need to take punitive actions ( for ' revenge ' , as Cicero puts it ) .7 Augus- tine will later put a finer point on what justifies a war of ...
Contents
1 | |
14 | |
3 Augustines JustWar Theory | 44 |
4 NeoPlatonism and the Augustinian Just War | 92 |
5 Christianity and the Augustinian Just War | 121 |
6 Augustines Theory and Beyond | 161 |
Bibliography | 180 |
Index | 191 |
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Common terms and phrases
Ambrose Amorites Ante-Nicene Fathers army Augus Augustine argues Augustine takes Augustine's just-war theory Augustinian authority Bainton barbarians bellum principle Book of Psalms Catholic cause Christ Christian Church Cicero Cirta citizens City of God claim comparative justice considered defence doctrine Donatist earthly city enemy evil example exists fact faith Fathers Faustus the Manichaean fight Gilson God’s Hence hierarchy History human Ibid injustice James Turner Johnson Jesus jus ad bellum jus in bello justified kind Letter Lord's Sermon Manichæan means merely moral Moses nation nature Neo-Platonic Nevertheless NPNF VII NPNFI Old Testament one’s pacifist Patristic writers peace philosophical Plato Plotinus political position Princeton problem Psalms punishment reason Reply to Faustus result right intention righteous Roman Empire Rome says Augustine Scriptures soldiers sovereign specifically temporal things tine tion Translated true justice ultimate University Press violence violent action virtue wage wars fought writings York