St. Augustine and the Theory of Just WarThe decline of the Roman Empire gave rise to two problems, which combined to form one of the most perplexing philosophical questions of late antiquity. On the one hand, Rome found itself under constant military threat as various tribes from the north and east encroached along its borders to fill the power vacuum left by the receding Empire. On the other hand, adherents to the Empire's new official faith - Christianity - found themselves without clear guidance as to what military roles their faith would permit; the death of the apostles left them without revelatory guidance, and the New Testament writings were not definitive on the subject. The question, then, became: "Can a Christian answer the empire's call to military duty and still answer a clear conscience before God?" Fifth-century philosopher, St Augustine of Hippo, sought to provide a solution to the two problems. His approach formed the foundation of the 'just war' tradition, which has had enormous influence upon moral-philosophical thought on military issues in the West ever since. This major new study identifies the fundamental Augustinian premises and evaluates them in light of historical, neo-Platonic, and Christian contexts. It also identifies the effect of the Augustinian legacy upon medieval and modern philosophical reflections on the nature of warfare and on how war might be waged justly and morally. |
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Page 3
... considered the founder of the Christian just war doctrine. It was he who synthesized the hesitant and oftentimes equivocal views of his Christian predecessors into a statement which justified participation by the Christian in the ...
... considered the founder of the Christian just war doctrine. It was he who synthesized the hesitant and oftentimes equivocal views of his Christian predecessors into a statement which justified participation by the Christian in the ...
Page 5
... considered in tandem with his just-war pronouncements, do much to illuminate his views on just war. The consistency evident in his expression of these varied but related ideas leads fairly to the assumption that Augustine's just-war ...
... considered in tandem with his just-war pronouncements, do much to illuminate his views on just war. The consistency evident in his expression of these varied but related ideas leads fairly to the assumption that Augustine's just-war ...
Page 10
... considered to have acquired moral licence to engage in war, although not necessarily the moral obligation to do so. Jus in bello principles The fundamental assumption of jus in bello is that even a just war can cease to be a just war if ...
... considered to have acquired moral licence to engage in war, although not necessarily the moral obligation to do so. Jus in bello principles The fundamental assumption of jus in bello is that even a just war can cease to be a just war if ...
Page 15
... considered just that is not preceded by some wrongdoing by an enemy , for ' Those wars are unjust which are undertaken without provo- cation . " At very least , wars fought ' in defence of . . . honour ' would seem to include wars ...
... considered just that is not preceded by some wrongdoing by an enemy , for ' Those wars are unjust which are undertaken without provo- cation . " At very least , wars fought ' in defence of . . . honour ' would seem to include wars ...
Page 30
... considered true Christians to be true Romans ' . 102 Their status as true Christians a status known only to , and knowable only by , God – identifies their citizenship with the City of God . Even if the head of state and the temporal ...
... considered true Christians to be true Romans ' . 102 Their status as true Christians a status known only to , and knowable only by , God – identifies their citizenship with the City of God . Even if the head of state and the temporal ...
Contents
1 | |
14 | |
3 Augustines JustWar Theory | 44 |
4 NeoPlatonism and the Augustinian Just War | 92 |
5 Christianity and the Augustinian Just War | 121 |
6 Augustines Theory and Beyond | 161 |
Bibliography | 180 |
Index | 191 |
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Common terms and phrases
Ambrose Amorites Ante-Nicene Fathers army Augus Augustine argues Augustine takes Augustine's just-war theory Augustinian authority Bainton barbarians bellum principle Book of Psalms Catholic cause Christ Christian Church Cicero Cirta citizens City of God claim comparative justice considered defence doctrine Donatist earthly city enemy evil example exists fact faith Fathers Faustus the Manichaean fight Gilson God’s Hence hierarchy History human Ibid injustice James Turner Johnson Jesus jus ad bellum jus in bello justified kind Letter Lord's Sermon Manichæan means merely moral Moses nation nature Neo-Platonic Nevertheless NPNF VII NPNFI Old Testament one’s pacifist Patristic writers peace philosophical Plato Plotinus political position Princeton problem Psalms punishment reason Reply to Faustus result right intention righteous Roman Empire Rome says Augustine Scriptures soldiers sovereign specifically temporal things tine tion Translated true justice ultimate University Press violence violent action virtue wage wars fought writings York