St. Augustine and the Theory of Just WarThe decline of the Roman Empire gave rise to two problems, which combined to form one of the most perplexing philosophical questions of late antiquity. On the one hand, Rome found itself under constant military threat as various tribes from the north and east encroached along its borders to fill the power vacuum left by the receding Empire. On the other hand, adherents to the Empire's new official faith - Christianity - found themselves without clear guidance as to what military roles their faith would permit; the death of the apostles left them without revelatory guidance, and the New Testament writings were not definitive on the subject. The question, then, became: "Can a Christian answer the empire's call to military duty and still answer a clear conscience before God?" Fifth-century philosopher, St Augustine of Hippo, sought to provide a solution to the two problems. His approach formed the foundation of the 'just war' tradition, which has had enormous influence upon moral-philosophical thought on military issues in the West ever since. This major new study identifies the fundamental Augustinian premises and evaluates them in light of historical, neo-Platonic, and Christian contexts. It also identifies the effect of the Augustinian legacy upon medieval and modern philosophical reflections on the nature of warfare and on how war might be waged justly and morally. |
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Page 1
... argues that 'the state must be organized for violent survival in an unruly world',7 and he assigns specific wartime roles to the state and its citizens. Plato's 'Athenian' in the Laws observes that waging war is the prerog- ative of the ...
... argues that 'the state must be organized for violent survival in an unruly world',7 and he assigns specific wartime roles to the state and its citizens. Plato's 'Athenian' in the Laws observes that waging war is the prerog- ative of the ...
Page 2
... argues that war should be undertaken only with the utmost reluctance; and even then, it should never be continued beyond the point minimally required to achieve the purpose for which it was initiated.17 The ancient Egyptians observed a ...
... argues that war should be undertaken only with the utmost reluctance; and even then, it should never be continued beyond the point minimally required to achieve the purpose for which it was initiated.17 The ancient Egyptians observed a ...
Page 7
... argues that Augustine does not seek to formulate ' legal rules for regu- lating war'57 and that his doctrine does ... argue a position diametrically opposed to that of Miller's and go so far as to refer to Augustine's just - war ...
... argues that Augustine does not seek to formulate ' legal rules for regu- lating war'57 and that his doctrine does ... argue a position diametrically opposed to that of Miller's and go so far as to refer to Augustine's just - war ...
Page 8
... argue that such a struc- tural imposition claims for Augustine that which he does not claim for himself, and thereby runs the risk of distorting his intended meaning. Indeed, in fairness to Augustine, we must allow that, were he ...
... argue that such a struc- tural imposition claims for Augustine that which he does not claim for himself, and thereby runs the risk of distorting his intended meaning. Indeed, in fairness to Augustine, we must allow that, were he ...
Page 15
... argues that it is permissible , but only if the peaceful alternative of ' discussion ' is impossible . 4 Cicero : jus ad bellum Just cause 6 In his De Re Publica , Cicero states , ' a war is never undertaken by the ideal State , except ...
... argues that it is permissible , but only if the peaceful alternative of ' discussion ' is impossible . 4 Cicero : jus ad bellum Just cause 6 In his De Re Publica , Cicero states , ' a war is never undertaken by the ideal State , except ...
Contents
1 | |
14 | |
3 Augustines JustWar Theory | 44 |
4 NeoPlatonism and the Augustinian Just War | 92 |
5 Christianity and the Augustinian Just War | 121 |
6 Augustines Theory and Beyond | 161 |
Bibliography | 180 |
Index | 191 |
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Common terms and phrases
Ambrose Amorites Ante-Nicene Fathers army Augus Augustine argues Augustine takes Augustine's just-war theory Augustinian authority Bainton barbarians bellum principle Book of Psalms Catholic cause Christ Christian Church Cicero Cirta citizens City of God claim comparative justice considered defence doctrine Donatist earthly city enemy evil example exists fact faith Fathers Faustus the Manichaean fight Gilson God’s Hence hierarchy History human Ibid injustice James Turner Johnson Jesus jus ad bellum jus in bello justified kind Letter Lord's Sermon Manichæan means merely moral Moses nation nature Neo-Platonic Nevertheless NPNF VII NPNFI Old Testament one’s pacifist Patristic writers peace philosophical Plato Plotinus political position Princeton problem Psalms punishment reason Reply to Faustus result right intention righteous Roman Empire Rome says Augustine Scriptures soldiers sovereign specifically temporal things tine tion Translated true justice ultimate University Press violence violent action virtue wage wars fought writings York