CARLISLE, C. L. The causes of dependency. Based on a survey of Oneida county. Eugenics and social welfare bulletin, no. XV. (Albany: N. Y. State Board of Charities. 1919. Pp. 465.)

CARVER, T. N. War thrift. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Preliminary economic studies of the war, no. 10. (New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 1919. Pp. 68.)

The several chapters discuss the meaning and function of thrift; the place of luxury in national economy; the relation of thrift to war economy; the relation of war thrift to reconstruction after the war; compulsory thrift; the opposition to war thrift; the grounds of opposition. In chapter 6 the author gives an account of the refusal of newspapers in Boston to publish advertisements containing certain extracts from writings of President Wilson, Secretary McAdoo, and Mr. Vanderlip, appealing for economy in expenditure. COLCORD, J. C. Broken homes. A study of family desertion and its social treatment. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 1919. Pp. 207. 75c.)

CURTIS, F. R. The libraries of the American state and national institutions for defectives, dependents, and delinquents. Studies in social science, no. 13. (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minn. 1918. Pp. iv, 56. 50c.)

DOBBS, A. E. Education and social movements, 1700-1850. (New York: Longmans. 1919. 10s. 6d.)

FLINT, E. M. Health conditions and health service in Saint Paul. (St. Paul: Amherst H. Wilder Charity. 1919. Pp. 103.)

This report is the outcome of defective conditions of sanitation as disclosed by previous investigation of the Housing Survey. Successive chapters deal with vital statistics, sanitation, health agencies, food inspection, and inspection work in schools.

FLINT, G. E. The whole truth about alcohol. (New York: Macmillan. 1919. Pp. xii, 294.)

GARVIN, J. L. The economic foundations of peace: or world partnership as the truer basis of the League of Nations. (New York: Macmillan. 1919. Pp. xxiv, 574. $3.25.)

HALL, F. S. and BROOKE, E. W. American marriage laws in their social aspects. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 1919. Pp. 132. $1.)

HALLIDAY, S. L. Guide posts on the road to health. A list of books. (New York: Municipal Reference Library. 1919. Pp. 310.) HARRIS, G. The redemption of the disabled. (New York: Appleton. 1919. Pp. xxvi, 318. $2.)

This book is a general non-technical presentation of the plans that have been evolved in the principal warring nations for rehabilitating disabled soldiers. Written by an official of the Federal Board for Vocational Education, it comes with force, authority, and the benefit

of the special investigations conducted by the board. The author reviews and condemns the now well known wastage and shortcomings of the pension system and develops the philosophy of the new movement for the physical reconstruction and reëducation of the disabled. Rehabilitation has become a social obligation. It is needed to develop the self-respect, healthy egoism, and independence which men need to become useful citizens. In this scheme compensation is a factor, charity is rejected, and the removal of disability is made the prime consideration.

The book contains chapters outlining the rehabilitation program developed in Belgium, France, Great Britain, Germany, AustriaHungary, Italy, Canada and other British possessions. In most of these countries the duty of the government to carry on and to perfect the work was at once recognized. Old philosophies were overthrown in face of the new need, but in Germany where governmental function has long been emphasized the work has been largely that of private endeavor. The American program is particularly conspicuous in its inclusion of the feature providing for insurance against death and total disability. Nearly every soldier was insured, the average policy amounting to $9,300. The vocational rehabilitation law, providing the machinery for reclamation, is now in motion, and the disabled are being trained.

The majority of the disabled are not objectively cripples. They suffer from weaknesses which handicap them, and the handicaps are usually not absolute but relative only to particular employments. Whatever one may say of the author's English there is no doubt of the meaning of his statement that the one-legged man is incapacitated for two-legged pursuits, but when one surveys the field of industrial occupations he finds the number of two-legged pursuits surprisingly small. Suitable occupations are being discovered for disabled men, and the training is not confined to the manual trades but all careers are open, the decisive points being their welfare, usefulness, and happiness. Occupational therapy and adaptation of the training to individuals receive attention and the book discusses the problem of replacement and after-care. Organized labor has been sympathetic and helpful and employers have also been favorable. The author believes that public service will furnish an important field for the men. The record of success achieved by many individuals indicates that there will be a wide range of employments open to them.

The author pleads for a sensible viewpoint on the part of the home community to which the disabled man will return. Public sentiment should condemn idleness and parasitism and should stimulate intelligent interest in the men. Our industrial cripples are also a serious problem and for them education must be planned similar to that given the soldiers.

The book reports the probable losses in killed and wounded incurred by the various countries. It also contains twenty illustrations dealing with reëducation or subsequent industrial achievement. GEORGE B. MANGOLD.

HART, H. H. Social problems in Alabama. A study of the social institutions and agencies of the state of Alabama as related to its war activities. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 1918. Pp. 87.) HOFFMAN, F. L. A plan for a more effective federal and state health administration. (Newark, N. J.: Prudential Life Ins. Co. 1919. Pp. 87.)

LAVELL, C. F. Reconstruction and national life. (New York: Macmillan. 1919. Pp. x, 193. $1.60.)

LEWIS, H. E. Rural school and the community. (Boston: Gorham Press. 1919.)

LINGLE, MRS. T. W. Studies in the social and industrial condition of women as affected by the war. (Chapel Hill, N. C.: Univ. of North Carolina. Pp. 19. 25c.)

MASSIN, P. Une réforme successorale. Pour protéger nos enfants. Pour repeupler la France. Pour diminuer nos impôts. Second edition. (Paris: Tenin. 1918. 3.50.)

MENGE, E. J. Backgrounds for social workers. 1918. Pp. 214. $1.50.)

(Boston: Badger.

This book, by the professor of biology at the University of Dallas, is put together with the evident purpose of explaining and upholding the Catholic point of view on matters pertaining to marriage and divorce, the family, eugenics, and the like. Three historical chapters on the family are of interest, as a Catholic reading of history. A long chapter is devoted to the usual Catholic arguments against birth control.

A. B. W.

MILLER, L. D. The charities directory; a reference book of social service in or available for greater New York. Twenty-eighth edition. (New York: Charity Organization Society. 1919. $1.) PALMER, G. H. Altruism. (New York: Scribner. 1919. $1.25.) PARADISE, V. I. Maternity care and the welfare of young children in a homesteading county in Montana. Rural child welfare series, no. 8. Bureau publication no. 34. (Washington: Children's Bureau. 1919. Pp. 98.)

The distressing conditions revealed by this report have by most people been considered a thing of the past. The bureau finds much suffering among mothers, many still-births, a high rate of infant mortality, and many premature births. Physicians often live 35 miles from their patients and there are practically no hospital facilities. Nearly 500 mothers were studied. Less than one half of these were attended by physicians at the time of confinement. Many employed practical nurses and often a neighbor or some member of the family was the only attendant. Little prenatal care was given, but about one third of the women received some form of after-care and the mothers showed considerable intelligence in feed

ing their children. The lack of medical and hospital facilities is a serious evil, and the county nurse plan has only recently been introduced. The facts disclosed by the survey indicate the urgent need of a program for better maternity and infant care in sparsely settled districts. The locality studied is considered typical of many sections in the West.

GEORGE B. MANGOLD.

REDDING, H. E. Opportunities for the employment of disabled men. (New York: Red Cross Institute. 1918. Pp. 33.)

SAVAGE, W. B. Rural housing. New edition, enlarged. (London: Unwin. 1919. 7s. 6d.)

SLINGERLAND, W. H. Child welfare in Oregon. (Salem: Oregon Child Welfare Commission. 1919. Pp. 131.)

The Oregon legislature made request for an inquiry into conditions and problems relating to dependent, delinquent, and defective children in the state and this study was the outcome. Each of the two county and five state child-caring institutions is briefly described with a statement of the service they are rendering. A similar report is made on the private institutions, fifteen in number. A short chapter deals with the adequacy of the two classes of institutions to meet the current need. Among the suggestions emphasized are the need of better equipment of the various plants, including additions to the staff of the trained workers, and the need of greater coöperation among the institutions. The desirability of an adequate system of state supervision is also set forth. The chapter on Child Placing in Families deals less with the existing policies in Oregon than with the theoretical aspects of child placing as a desirable form of child care. The author analyzes the agencies engaged in preventive work and indicates possible improvements in service.

The study is unbiased but sympathetic and while it recognizes the excellent work which the various agencies have heretofore accomplished it also indicates the next forward steps. The constructive criticisms should, therefore, be most helpful in formulating a more vigorous public opinion for the promotion of child welfare. GEORGE B. MANGOLD.

TREADWAY, W. L. and LUNDBERG, E. O. Mental defect in a rural county. Dependent, defective, and delinquent classes series, no. 7. Bureau publication no. 48. (Washington: Children's Bureau. 1919. Pp. 96.)

VON TUNGELN, G. H. A rural social survey of Orange township, Blackhawk county, Iowa. (Ames, Ia.: Agri. Experiment Station. 1918. Pp. 54.)

WINES, F. H. Punishment and reformation. A study of the penitentiary system. New edition, revised and enlarged. (New York: Crowell. 1919. Pp. xi, 481. $2.50.)

It is always a difficult task to rewrite and enlarge a book written

by another man. In this case again the author has not met with unqualified success. In the first place, no improvement is made on the arrangement of the chapters as they appeared in Wines' book. Furthermore, new material that might have been profitably added is omitted from the earlier chapters. Again the harrowing account of the methods of intimidation and torture practiced in former days is faithfully produced. A considerable condensation of this chapter would greatly improve the book. In his discussion of the Elmira system Wines wrote of the condition of American prisons "twentyfive years ago" (meaning about 1870) and indicated changes that were being made. In the revision precisely the same language is used, and as a result the unguided reader becomes confused and is misled as to the facts.

On the other hand the book contains much excellent new material. Obsolete and irrelevant matter formerly appearing in the chapter on criminal anthropology is omitted and the results of the investigations by Dr. Goring added. The valuable discussions of the individual delinquent, of penal treatment, and of self-government in prisons are worthy of generous praise. The reader is made familiar with the work of Healey, Glueck and others, with the complicated factors involved in the constructive treatment of the criminal and with the operation of the methods that increase the responsibility and self-respect of the prison inmate.

To prevent crime the author would make special effort to improve the character of young people. Homes, schools, and churches should be strengthened and more wholesome leisure provided. The prohibition of the liquor traffic will also prove an excellent remedy. The author regards the practice of race culture as a hopeful preventive because of the close relation between criminality and mental defectiveness or abnormality. A progressive program of negative eugenics is necessary and should form part of the campaign against crime.

The new chapters widen the scope of the book and make it more serviceable in the classroom than before. Furthermore, the style is pleasing, and important mechanical improvements have been made. GEORGE B. MANGOLD.

WOOD, H. E. and SMITH, J. H. Prevocational and industrial arts. (Chicago: Atkinson, Mentzer & Co. 1919. Pp. 266. $1.) WORSFOLD, W. B. The war and social reform. 1919. 6s.)

(London: Murray.

American marriage laws in their social aspects. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 1919. Pp. 132.)

The preface notes that attention has been given to the defects of our divorce laws more than to defects in our marriage laws. In this report is given a compilation of the marriage laws of the several states and a summary of various proposals for their reform. Marriage laws are summarized by topics such as common law marriages,