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VACCINATION.

: Since the Report of the National Vaccine Establishment, of which we gave an account in our Number for June last, p. 389, was published, two cases have occurred of small pox after vaccination, which have excited much attention; the one, the case of the third son of the Earl of Grosvenor, who was attended by Sir H. Halford and Sir W. Farquhar; the other that of the son of Sir. H. Martin, Bart. who was attended by Dr. Heberden. Of these cases, the Board have published a detailed account, of which we shall proceed to give the substance.

The Hon. Robert Grosvenor had been vaccinated by Dr. Jenner, about ten years ago, and, it is believed, had had a perfect disease. In May last, he was attacked by the confluent small pox, which at first assumed a very unfavourable aspect. Sir H. Halford had never seen an instance of recovery, under so heavy an eruption, attended by such cir cumstances. The latter stages of the disease, however, were passed through more rapidly than usual; and it is supposed, that both this extraordinary circumstance, and the ultimate recovery of Mr. Grosvenor, were influenced by previous vaccination. During his illness, the other children of the Earl of Grosvenor, who had also been vaccinated, were exposed to the contagion of their brother's disease, and were also inoculated, without effect.

Sir H. Martin's son was vaccinated satisfactorily in 1801. In June 1811, he was seized with small pox, which proved to be the distinct kind, in a mild form. Miss Martin and another person, who had been vaccinated, were exposed to the contagion, and were also inoculated without effect. It is remarkable that both these youths were seized with the small pox, when recovering from the hooping cough.

The Board give it as their opinion, that Mr. Grosvenor's case was a case of confluent small pox, attended by symptoms which almost invariably terminate fatally. But the swelling of the face and closing of the eyes were slighter than usual; and from the tenth day, when the pustules began to dry, the disease passed with extraordinary rapidity through the period generally thought to be of the greatest hazard; a peculiarity, they add, which those acquainted with the disease know could not have been the effect of any medical treatment. Mr. Martin's disease was the mild form of distinct small pox, also modified by vaccination. Both diseases proceeded in their usual course till they arrived at their height, when they appeared to receive a check, and the recovery was unusually rapid; a circumstance which they

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attribute to the anti-variolous influence of the vaccine process.

The Board observe, that they had foreseen, and in their Report to Parliament, in 1807, had distinctly pointed the possibility of the occurrence of small pox after vacci nation. The security derived from it they stated to be as perfect as could be expected from any human discovery. Amongst several hundred thousand cases, the number of failures had been so small as to form no reasonable objection to it, there not being so many failures after vaccination as deaths after inoculation, and in every case of small pox occurring after vaccination, the disease having been the same neither in violence nor duration, but having been remarkably mild, and deprived, as it were, of its usual malignity.

The Board go on to remark, that the peculiarities of certain constitutions, with respect to eruptive fevers, forms a curious subject of medical history. Some have had both Others have been, through life, exposed to both without effect. Many have resisted afterwards become susceptible of it, and small pox in every form for years, and have some have been twice affected with small

scarlet fever and measles more than once.

pox. Among such variety of constitutions, it ought not to appear surprising that vaccination should sometimes fail of securing has occurred in persons who had been prepersons against small pox, since small pox viously inoculated with full effect. Three well-attested instances of this kind, and another where the natural small pox has occurred twice, have taken place, singularly enough, in the month of fast June.

1. The Rev. Joshua Rowley, brother to Sir W. Rowley, was inoculated in 1770, by the late Mr. Adair. The scar is distinct, that he had a tolerable sprinkling of small and his mother, Lady Rowley, remembers pox, and was afterwards repeatedly exposed

to variolous infection, in their own nursery and elsewhere, without effect. On the 5th of June, he was seized with an illness, which proved to be a case of full distinct small pox. He was attended, during the course of the disease, by Mr. Woodman of Bognor, and Mr. Guy, an eminent surgeon, of Chichester, who has given the account of it. Lady Rowley was examined by Mr. Dundas, sergeant-surgeon to his Majesty.

2. Miss Booth, of Covent Garden Theatre, at five years of age, had been inoculated for the small pox, and the surgeon who then attended her, Mr. Kennedy, was satisfied with the regularity of the disease, and took matter from her with which to inoculate others. On the 20th June, last,

being then about eighteen years of age, she was seized with small pox, which proved to be a mild case of the distinct kind. The pustules, however, were numerous. She was attended by Dr. Bree, Mr. Hewson, of James-street, the Director of the Vaccine Establishment, and many members of the Board, none of whom appear to entertain any doubt of the case.

3. John Godwin was born in October 1800. Six weeks after he was born, he had the small pox in the natural way, and in à violent degree. He was attended by Mr. Smith, an apothecary. Some time after this, he was inoculated by his uncle, a medical man, but without effect. No fever or erup tion followed. In June last, the boy, now eleven years old, was attacked with small pox. Mr. Kerrison, of Burlington-street, attended him, and states the case to have been a clear case of distinct small pox. From this boy he inoculated another, who had the small pox in consequence. The history of the former disease was procured from Mrs. Godwin, No. 6, Stratton Street, Piccadilly: of the second attack, from Mr. Kerrison.

4. Peter Sylverster, No. 10, Cross-street, Carnaby-market, was born in June 1798, and on the 21st Feb. 1799, was inoculated by Mr. King, of New-street, surgeon. The mark in the arm was still conspicuous, and six or seven pits had marked his face. On the 21st June last, he was taken ill, and the disease proved to be the genuine small pox. He was attended by Mr. Moore, the director, several members of the Board, and many other medical gentlemen of the first respectability.

But notwithstanding these instances, surely no reasonable parent, previous to the discovery of vaccination, would have refused his child the benefit of inoculation, although from the inoculated small pox one in 300

have usually died. Supposing, therefore, that there is a failure of one in 1000 cases of vaccination, ought not parents, nevertheless, to adhere to the practice, seeing it is never at tended with death; and that even if the small pox should follow, in a few instances, it is divested of much of its malignity, No death has occurred from small pox, after vaccination. The Board are of opinion, that the general advantages of vaccination are not discredited by the recent instances of failures, being still more than three times less in number than the deaths by inoculation; while inoculation, as has been shewn, does not give complete security, any more than vaccination.

The Board are anxious that the existence of certain peculiarities of the human frame, by which some individuals are rendered by nature, more or less susceptible of eruptive fevers, and of the recurrence of such disor ders, should be publicly known; for they feel confident that a due consideration of these circumstances, and a just feeling of the welfare of the community, will induce the public to prefer a mild disease like Vaccination, which where it fails superseding the Small Pox, yet mitigates its violence, and prevents its fatal consequences, to one whose effects are frequently violent; to one which often occasions deformity and blindness, and, when it is contracted by casual infection, has been supposed to destroy one in six in all that it attacks. And it must not be forgot ten, that in a public view this constitutes the great objection to Inoculation of the Small Pox, that by its contagion it disseminates death throughout the empire, whilst Vaccination, whatever be the comparative security which it affords to individuals, occasions no subsequent disorder, and has never by the most violent of its opposers been charged with producing an epidemical sickness.

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A Sermon, preached at Berkley Chapel March 20, 1811. By J. A. Busfield. 2s. Bishop Horne, on preaching the Gospel.

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The Dying Believer's Confidence in his Redeemer. A Sermon preached at Providence Chapel, Peppard, Oxon. June 23, 1811, occasioned by the Death of the Rev. Joseph Walker; to which is added his dying Experience. Published for the Benefit of the Widow and five small Children. By James Churchill. 1s. 6d.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Dodsley's Annual Register for 1809. 16s. Letters of Anna Seward. Written between the years 1784 and 1807; embellished with portraits. 6 vols. post 8vo. 31. 3s.

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The Remains of Joseph Blackett, consisting of Poems, Dramatic Sketches, an Ode and Remains of his Life, edited by Mr. Pratt, and published for the Benefit of his Orphan Child. 2 vols. price 16s.

A History of the Roman Government, till the Usurpation of Augustus Cæsar. By Alexander Brodie. 12s.

A new edition of Vattel's Law of Nations. 18s.

The Statutes of the Realm, printed by Command of his Majesty, in pursuance of an Address of the House of Commons, from original Records and authentic Manuscripts. Vol. I. 10l. 10s.

A Letter to Dr. Jones, on the Composition of the Eau Medicinale d'Husson, By James Moore, M.R.S. &c. 28.

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RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY.

THE following is a brief abstract of the last, being the seventh, Report of this Society.

The Committee have the satisfaction to report the completion of the Polish Bible, by the Bible Society at Berlin. The whole expense of printing 8000 Polish Bibles, and 4000 extra copies of the New Testament, amounted to about 1600, to which the British and Foreign Bible Society contributed 9604 and for this sum the inhabitants of Poland have received a gift of inestimable value, which they had no prospect of obtaining by any other means.

A grant of 500/. has been made to the Berlin Bible Society for the purpose of printing a Bible in the Lithuanian language, by

means of a Committee formed at Konigsberg. They have since proceeded to the printing of 3000 copies of the Lithuanian Bible. The desire of obtaining it is so great, that no less than 1300 copies have already been subscribed for.

At Basle, the subscriptions opened for the purpose of a gratuitous distribution of Bibles and Testaments, not only continue, but increase. Hence the German Bible Society at that place has been enabled to distribute many hundred Bibles and New Testaments; and the French Bible, the printing of which was assisted by a grant of 3004, is almost finished.

The Committee have sent this Society an additional donation of 2001. for the purpose of printing an Italian New Testament.

and Foreign Bible Society, we have formerly noticed. The repository is intended to contain Bibles and Testaments in all languages both European and Asiatic, to be disposed of by sale at moderate prices. The port of Calcutta is the annual resort of multitudes from all quarters, for the purposes of trade some of almost every nation under heaven." To many of these, a copy of the Scriptures may prove an invaluable treasure, and by these means copies may be introduced into their respective countries. The library is to consist of the original Scriptures, lexi

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The Committee had intended to promote an edition of the Scriptures in the languages of Esthonia and Livonia, but the execution of this design has been retarded by unavoidable impediments; which is much to be regretted, as the state of the poor in those provinces, with respect to religious knowledge, and the means of acquiring it, seems truly deplorable. The poverty of the lower classes is extreme; the Bible, from its price and scarcity, is unattainable by them; not one family in a hundred possesses a copy; and there are FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND FAMILIES in Esthonia and Livonia absolute- cons, grammars, works on biblical criticism, ly without a Bible.

Under these circumstances, the Committee have recommended the formation of a Livonian Bible Society. And they have determined to transmit the sum of 6004. for the purpose of printing 10,000 Testaments in the Livonian and Esthonian dialects.

and, in general, all such books as tend to facilitate and perfect the labours of translators.

This institution has received general encouragement in India. Four thousand volumes of the Scriptures, or parts of them, in English, Portuguese, Arabic, Persian, Hindoostanee, Sanscrit, Mahratta, Orissa, Bengalee, and Chinese, are now on sale there. A liberal subscription has been raised for that branch of it which is intended for the use of translators; and it has received many useful and valuable books in presents from individuals. Its plan has also received the unanimous approbation of the several chaplains under the Presidency of Fort William, and a promise of cordial co-operation on their parts.

The assistance furnished to "the Evangelical Society" at Stockholm, for enabling them to print the Swedish Scriptures on standing types, has had the most beneficial influence. The Stockholm Society proceeds with the greatest zeal and activity it has already printed three editions of the Swedish Testament, to the amount of 10,600 copies; a fourth edition is in the press; the printing of 5,000 copies of the whole Bible is con siderably advanced; and the demands for the Swedish Scriptures are greater than can be Tamul Scriptures afforded to the Christians at satisfied, and are daily increasing.

The Committee have the pleasure to announce, that the New Testament in the language of Lapland is nearly completed.

The printing of the Icelandic Bible has been retarded by unforeseen impediments: but the Committee have reason to believe that this work has either been actually commenced, or will be very speedily undertaken. The printing of the Turkish Testament at Karass, in August last, had advanced as far as to the end of the Acts of the Apostles.

In India, the various translations are all proceeding with great spirit and energy; and in the course of a few years, there will be editions of the Scriptures in many oriental languages. Among these, the Tamul, Malay, Sanscrit, Bengalee, Orissa, Seek, Hindoostance, Mahratta, are already printed, or in the press. The Arabic, Persian, Telinga, Malayalim, Burman, Carnatica, and several other dialects, to be hereafter enumerated, together with the Chinese, are preparing; and the printing of some of them is begun.

The establishment of a BIBLIOTHECA BIBLICA, at Calcutta, consisting of a Bible repository, together with a library for the use of translators, under the auspices of the British CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 116.

We omit the account of the supply of

Tanjore, by means of a subscription raised at
Calcutta, having formerly inserted it.

As a supply of the Tamul Scriptures could not be obtained in India, adequate to the demand for them, the Committee have procured and dispatched, on account of the Society, a printing press and a fount of Tamul types, with a considerable supply of paper, for printing the Scriptures in that dialect.

Dr. Leyden has submitted to the Corresponding Committee of Calcutta proposals for procuring versions of the Scriptures in the following languages: the Siamese, Macassar, Bugis, Afghan, Rakheng, Maldivian, and Jagatai; comprehending the colloquial dialects in use from the eastern boundary of Bengal to the islands of Borneo and Celebes inclusive. The expense of translating the four Gospels into each of these dialects, is estimated at about 800 rupees; and the Corresponding Committee have agreed to pay the sum of 200 rupees on receiving a copy of each Gospel in any of them. This engagement has been fulfilled with respect to four of the proposed versions; that of the Gospel of St. Matthew haying been com pleted in the Afghan and the Maldivian, ex32

cepting the two last chapters, together with versions of the Gospel of St. Mark, in the Bugis and Macassar.

As a considerable part of the expense of printing the Scriptures in India arises from the dearness of paper, the Committee have sent large supplies of paper to those parts of India where it will be required; and, among others, to Bombay, for printing the New Testament in the Malayalim. This work is considerably advanced, (a printed copy of the Gospel of St. Matthew having been laid before the Committee,) and the completion of it is anxiously expected by the members of the ancient Syrian church.

It may be mentioned, as a singular and not uninteresting circumstance, that a native of India, a Hindoo, has subscribed 100 rupees to the funds of the Society, and has addressed a letter to the Committee, acquainting them with it.

In addition to the 5000l granted for the disbursements of the preceding five years in translating and printing the Scriptures in India, the Committee have voted 2000l annually for the three successive years,

The Hon. Sir Alexander Johnston, chief justice of Ceylon, his undertaken the charge of a large supply of English, Dutch, and Portuguese Bibles and Testaments for the use of that island, together with a supply of paper for the purpose of printing 1000 copies of the New Testament in the Cingalese language.

In America, the zeal excited for the diffusion of the Holy Scriptures continues to operate with increasing energy. Ten new Bible Societies, in addition to the six mentioned in the last Report, have been established within the United States. There are therefore Bible Societies now in no fewer than eleven of the states. All these associations may be considered as emanations from the British and Foreign Bible Society: of which the greater number have been assisted from its funds. It is gratifying to contem plate the beneficial effects which may be expected from the aggregate zeal and efforts of so many societies in the new continent, directed to one object-the circulation of the Bible.

A Bible Society having been formed at Truro, for the eastern part of Nova Scotia, the Committee have presented it with 250 Bibles, and 1000 New Testaments,

The editions of the New Testament in modern Greek with the ancient in parallel columns; in Irish; and in Manks; have been printed, and are now in circulation.

The Bishop of Sodor and Mann having recommended to his clergy to ascertain the want of the Scriptures in their parishes, and returns having been made, 1326 copies of the

Manks Testament, with some English Bibles and Testaments, charged at reduced prices, have been sent to the bishop, for the use of the inhabitants.

A large supply of the modern Greek Testaments has been sent to the Mediterranean, and of the Irish Testaments to Ireland. The price of the latter has been fixed at a rate particularly low, with a view to encourage the greater circulation.

A stereotype edition of the French Bible is nearly completed; a similar edition of the Italian Testament is in progress; a large impression of the Dutch Bible is in the press; and the printing of 5000 German Testaments has advanced to the Acts of the Apostles.

The Committee have concluded to print an Ethiopic version of the Book of Psalms, for the use of the natives of Abyssinia; and they are endeavouring to procure a version of one of the Gospels in that language, with a view to the same object.

The following Auxiliary Bible Societies have been added since the last general meeting, viz.

The Swansea, the Bishop of St. David's, president; the Uttoxeter, A. Rhudde, Esq. president; the Bishop-Wearmouth, Sunderjand, &c. the Rev. Dr. Grey, president; the Neath, Lord Vernon, president; the West Lothian, the Rev. John Brown, president; the Rotherham; the Uxbridge, Lord Gam bier, president; the Cornwall, Viscount Falmouth, president; the Weymouth, Sir James Pulteney, Bart. M. P. president; the Liver pool, the Earl of Derby, president; the Huddersfield; the Montrose, Andrew Thom, Esq. provost, president; the Dumfries-shire, the Duke of Buccleugh, president; the Baccup; the Knutsford; the Bury; the Warring tou, the Rev. R. A. Rawstone, rector, president in all, seventeen.

The Committee, finding it requisite to establish some general principles for sup plying auxiliary societies with Bibles and Testaments, and being desirous of holding out to such societies the greatest possible encouragement, have arranged a plan for these purposes, which has been approved and adopted by many auxiliary Bible So cieties; and they recommend it to the at tention of such other societies as have not yet become acquainted with it.

Copies of the Scriptures, either in whole or in part, and in various languages, exclusively of those mentioned in the former part of the Report, have been sent abroad as follows: to Upper Canada; to New York; to Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Labrador; to the West Indies and Newfoundland; to Sierra Leone and the Rio Pongas; to the Cape of Good Hope; to Senegal and Goree ;

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