Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and ComputationAlison Gopnik, Laura Schulz Understanding causal structure is a central task of human cognition. Causal learning underpins the development of our concepts and categories, our intuitive theories, and our capacities for planning, imagination and inference. During the last few years, there has been an interdisciplinary revolution in our understanding of learning and reasoning: Researchers in philosophy, psychology, and computation have discovered new mechanisms for learning the causal structure of the world. This new work provides a rigorous, formal basis for theory theories of concepts and cognitive development, and moreover, the causal learning mechanisms it has uncovered go dramatically beyond the traditional mechanisms of both nativist theories, such as modularity theories, and empiricist ones, such as association or connectionism. |
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Page 4
... conditional probability among events (as in statistical analysis), by examining the consequences of interventions ... independence will occur among the variables. Conditional and unconditional dependence and independence can be defined ...
... conditional probability among events (as in statistical analysis), by examining the consequences of interventions ... independence will occur among the variables. Conditional and unconditional dependence and independence can be defined ...
Page 5
... independent (in probability) of the probability of party going occurring conditional on the occurrence of wine drinking. If Graph 2 is right and parties are a common cause of wine and insomnia, then I ⊥W | P; the probability of wine ...
... independent (in probability) of the probability of party going occurring conditional on the occurrence of wine drinking. If Graph 2 is right and parties are a common cause of wine and insomnia, then I ⊥W | P; the probability of wine ...
Page 6
... conditional dependencies among the variables after the intervention can be ... conditional probabilities of events, and the consequences of interventions on ... independence we see among the variables really are the result of the causal ...
... conditional dependencies among the variables after the intervention can be ... conditional probabilities of events, and the consequences of interventions on ... independence we see among the variables really are the result of the causal ...
Page 23
... conditional and unconditional independence relationships: In both, X, Y and Z are dependent and X and Z are independent conditional on Y. The difference between the structures 1-1 and 1-2 shows up when we interpret the directed edges in ...
... conditional and unconditional independence relationships: In both, X, Y and Z are dependent and X and Z are independent conditional on Y. The difference between the structures 1-1 and 1-2 shows up when we interpret the directed edges in ...
Page 72
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Causal Learning: Psychology, Philosophy, and Computation Alison Gopnik,Laura Schulz Limited preview - 2007 |
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