Women in Business, 1700-1850A reappraisal of the business enterprises of women in the `long' eighteenth century, showing them to be more flourishing than previously thought. Orthodox opinion is that in the `long' eighteenth century women, especially of the middle classes, had very little involvement with business affairs and enterprises, and that as a group they were more usually characterised by their domestic roles. This book takes issue with this view, arguing that the major factors which supposedly prevented women's economic activity in this period had much less impact than has previously been thought. It demonstrates thatdespite the pressure of gendered cultural expectations, financial barriers and legal disabilities, many women participated extensively in entrepreneurial activity as integrated members of trading networks, exchanging money, credit, property and goods with male traders on a regular basis throughout the period. The author examines how women in business engaged with the tangled legal systems of common law, borough customs and equity, showing that the legal doctrine of coverture did not in practice curtail married women's ability to trade on their own account; she goes on to look at women's business practices, partnerships and credit networks, including their involvement in the insurance business and newspaper advertising. Finally, she considers the impact of domestic ideology, particularly on women in the feminine trades of millinery and dressmaking, and the languages women used to express their commercial interests. |
Contents
common law coverture and married | 23 |
A customary privilege? Common law borough custom and | 48 |
female business networks | 95 |
Women and the business of insurance 1735 to 1845 | 120 |
businesswomen property and insurance | 147 |
2 | 154 |
The Bonaparte of her day? gender trade and nationalism | 175 |
women trade and advertising | 203 |
A heavy bill to settle with humanity? Nineteenthcentury | 230 |
business is just life | 254 |
Appendices | 263 |
272 | |
287 | |