Twin screw. Hp. 13,500=18'25 kts. Coal maximum 2,300 tons. Approximate cost £900,000.

This ship-name was introduced into the Navy by the capture of the French Gloire by Anson, off Cape Finisterre, 1747; and is associated with the battle of "The Glorious First of June," 1794; Calder's action off Ferrol, 1805.

Glover, Sir John, K.T., J.P. (cr. 1900). Senior partner in the firm of Glover Brothers, shipowners, London (b. 1829). Chairman of the Mercantile Steamship Co., Ltd.; an ex-President of the Chamber of Shipping of the United Kingdom; three times Chairman of the General Shipowners' Society; member of the Council of the Shipping Federation, Ltd. In 1899 he was elected to the important office of Chairman of Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping, the Premier Classification Society of the world, a position he holds at the present time. He has rendered conspicuous and useful public services in many capacities, and is regarded as an authority on matters pertaining to the shipping industry of the country. He gave evidence by request before the Royal Commission which sat in 1874 on the subject of unseaworthy ships, and the Committee of the House of Commons on the Grain Acts. He was nominated by Government to serve as a member of the Royal Commission of 1880 on the tonnage laws, whose deliberations resulted in the passing of much useful legislation on the subject. He was a member of the Committee for Consolidating the Laws on Marine Insurance, which sat under Lord Herschell and Sir Robert Reid, M.P.; he also served on the Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Trade to consider the Mercantile Marine Fund (Light Dues), and on the Committee which, in 1898-99, under the Chairmanship of the late Lord St. Helier (then Sir Francis Jeune), investigated the subject of North Atlantic Load Lines, whose recommenda

GOLD

tions were unanimous, and have since become law. He took a leading part in the Suez Canal controversy, which secured the rejection of the Childers Agreement, and was afterwards one of a small committee which negotiated directly with Messrs. de Lesseps, the agreement under which the affairs of the Canal have since been regulated. As a result the dues were reduced, the number of British directors increased from three to 10, and the management has been so improved that steamers pass through the Canal in less than half the time formerly occupied. He has been a member of the Council of the Royal Statistical Society for upwards of 30 years, during which time he has made many valuable contributions to its Journal on Statistics affecting the Shipping Industry.

Glow-worm. British coastal torpedo-boat destroyer. (Thornycroft, 1906.) Length, 168 ft.; beam, 17 ft.; draught, 6 ft.; displacement 230 tons; complement, 35; armament, 2 12-pdr., 2 tubes; 3 screws; Hp., 3,700=26 kts.

Glut. A piece of wood or iron which keeps a knot from closing.

G.M. Distinguishing letters on sea fishing boats registered at Genemuiden, Holland.

G.N.

Distinguishing letters on sea fishing boats registered at Granton, Edinburgh, Scotland.

gn. Green. Abbreviation adopted on the charts issued by the Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, denoting the quality of the ocean's bottom.

Gnat. British coastal torpedo-boat destroyer. (Thornycroft, 1906.) Length, 158 ft.; beam, 171 ft.; draught, 6 ft.; displacement, 230 tons; complement, 35; armament, 2 12-pdr., 2 tubes; Hp., 3,700 26 kts.

Gnome. French submarine. (Rochefort, 1901.) Length, 135 ft.; beam, 9 ft.; draught, 9 ft.; displacement, 185 tons; complement, 9; Hp., 300=9 kts.

G.O. Distinguishing letters on sea fishing boats registered at Goedereede, Holland.

Twin screw. Hp. 13,500=18'25 kts. Coal maximum 2,300 tons. Approximate cost £900,000.

Golovnin, Vasily Mikhailovich. Russian viceadmiral (b. Gulynki, 1776). Educated Cronstadt Naval School. From 1801 to 1806 served as a volunteer in the English Navy. In 1807 he was commissioned by the Russian Admiralty to survey the coast of Kamchatka, and that of North-Western America, including the Kurile Islands. In 1810, whilst attempting to survey the coast of the Island of Kunishir, he was seized by the Japanese, and retained by them as a prisoner for three years. He returned to Russia and wrote his "Narrative of my Capture in Japan." In 1817 the Russian Government planned another expedition which had for its object the circumnavigation of the globe by a Russian ship, and he was appointed to command. He started from St. Petersburg, 1817, sailed round Cape Horn, and arrived at Kamchatka, returning to Europe by way of the Cape of Good Hope, and landed at St. Petersburg, September 17, 1819. He died July, 1831. The record of his successful voyage was published at St. Petersburg in 1822.

Gomyastchi. Russian torpedo-boat destroyer. (Nevsky, 1902.) Length, 196 ft.; beam, 18 ft.; draught, 11 ft.; displacement, 350 tons; armament, 1 12-pdr., 5 3-pdr., tubes; Hp., 6,000= 27 kts.

Gondola. A light boat used on the canals of Venice, rising at each end to a sharp point, painted black, under Government regulations.

Good and Sons, J. See Finland Steamship Co. Goodenough, James Graham (1830-75). British naval officer (b. Stoke Hill, Surrey). Served in the Baltic, 1854-56; in China, 1857, and was present at the capture of Canton, and at Fatshan Creek, and distinguished himself at the capture of the Taku forts in 1858. He was killed by a poisoned arrow at Santa Cruz. See Markham's "Commodore J. G. Goodenough" (1876).

Goodenough Medal, founded in 1880 in memory of Commodore Goodenough, is a gold medal awarded

GOOSE

annually to the best examination in gunnery passed by any naval sub-lieutenant.

Goodgeons. Metallic eyes bolted to the sternposts on which the rudder is hung; in each there is a hole to receive a corresponding pintle bolted on to the back of the rudder, which this turns from side to side as on an axis.

Good Hope British 1st class cruiser. field, 1901.)

(Fair

Length 500ft. Beam 71ft. Maximum draught 28ft. Displacement 14,100 tons. Complement 900.

Twin screw. mum 2,500 tons.

2 Submerged.

Hp. 30,000=23'5 kts. Coal maxi-
Approximate cost £990,000.

Good News. A yacht of 150 tons, the first vessel that ever approached the Antarctic circle, and one of a fleet which sailed from Rotterdam under the command of Jacob Mahu, 1598. She was separated from the rest of the fleet in the Straits of Magellan, and was carried south, recording the discovery of high land in 64° S.; she was eventually captured by the Spaniards. Refer to Antarctic Exploration.

Goodrich Line, owned and managed by the Goodrich Transportation Co. of Chicago, have a fleet of nine steamers, which maintain regular services through the great lakes. The steamers are all modern up-to-date vessels, and have accommodation for a large number of passengers.

Goodwin Sands. Sand banks on the east of Kent, about 10 miles in length from N. to S., and between six and seven miles from the coast. At high water this bank is covered to a depth of about 16 ft.; at low water a considerable portion is above the sea; in some places from 3 to 5 ft. They form the natural breakwater, sheltering from the easterly gales the Downs, a fine anchorage about eight miles long and six miles wide, between the shore and the Goodwin Sands lightships. Numerous buoys, fogsignals and warning guns warn vessels approaching too closely.

Goose-neck. A swinging boom. The curved iron supporting a studdingsail boom.

Goose-wings. The situation of a course exposed to the wind when the bunt lines and lee-clue are hauled up and the weather-clue down.

was present in the action off L'Orient, and took an active part at the battles of Cape St. Vincent and the Nile, 1798. Commanded the Active in Hoste's action off Lissa, 1811, and the Adriatic, at the capture of the Pomone. He became admiral in 1854, and Admiral of the Fleet, 1868.

Gordon, Admiral William Everard Alphonso, C.B. Entered Navy, 1830; employed on shore in Jamaica during the insurrection, 1832; mate of Cambridge at blockade of Alexandria, 1841; commanded boats of Inflexible in suppressing the rebellion at Wanganui, New Zealand, 1847; and also at destruction of piratical junks, Hong Kong, 1848; served during Kaffir war, 1852-53; commander of Sanspareil at the bombardment of Sebastopol, 1854; (Crimean and Turkish medals, Sebastopol clasp, Knight of the Legion of Honour, 5th Class Medjidie); captain, 1860; rear-admiral, 1876; vice-admiral, 1881; admiral, 1887, when he retired; C.B., 1896,

Gordon-Stables, William, M.D., C.M. Retired surgeon Royal Navy. Novelist, journalist, naturalist, member of Humanitarian Society, vice-president S.P.K.A.; wandering secretary to Birds Protection Society, etc. Born in Banffshire, N.B., May 21, 1840. Studied at University three years, and four years at medicine, same University; served nine years in Royal Navy; invalided on half-pay; two years in merchant service; two cruises to Arctic regions. Travelled much-America, Africa, Indian Ocean, India, etc.

"

"

Publications About 136 books in all, with serial novels, nature and science columns, etc. Among them "The Cruise of the Snow-bird," Leaves from the Log of a Gentleman Gipsy," From Pole to Pole," In the Dashing Days of Old," "Every Inch a Sailor, To Greenland and the Pole,' "A Millionaire's Grave," Our Humble Friends and Fellow Mortals (3 vols.), "In the Land of the Lion and the Ostrich (1897), A Girl from the States," Courage, True Hearts," "The Pirates' Gold," Frank Hardinge," Story of the Days of Alfred the Great," Annie o' the Banks o' Dee," "Travel Nor'ward and West with the Wandering Caravan" (1898), and many boys' books; "Popuar Medicine and Hygiene," 'For Honour, not Honours," "Tea, the Drink of Pleasure and of Health," "Travels by the Fireside," Health upon Wheels," "Rota Vitæ,” “Cycling for Health," etc.

"

Coal 115 tons.

Hp. 1,670 12 kts. Goschen, George Joachim, Lord (b. August 10, 1831; d. February 7, 1907). Educated Rugby and Oriel College, where he took a first class in the final classical school. In 1863 he entered Parliament as member for the City of London, and eight years later he became First Lord of the Admiralty, a post which he held until the dissolution in 1874. He represented East Edinburgh in Parliament in 1885 and later St. George's, Hanover Square, and it was while representing this constituency that he entered upon a brilliant term of office as Chancellor of the Exchequer. The great outstanding feature of his tenure of the Chancellorship was the extraordinary success that attended his scheme for the reduction of the interest of the National Debt. His next period of political activity is embraced in the last five years he passed in the House of Commons, during which he was First Lord of the Admiralty for the second time (1895). In a sense, indeed, he became the father of our modern Navy. He increased the personnel of the Navy from 88,000 to 114,000; he developed and fortified the dockyards, not only at home, but abroad; he enormously enlarged the Naval Reserve, and strengthened the naval arrangements for home defence, and brought the whole service up to a high standard of efficiency. The year 1900 brought his active political life to a close, and the rest and ease of the House of Lords followed. In the last month of that year he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Goschen. He died of heart failure at his residence at Seacox Heath, Hawkhurst, February 7, 1907, at the age of 76.

Gossamer. British torpedo gun-boat (1890). Length 230ft. Beam 27ft. Maximum draught 12ft. Displacement 735 tons. Complement 90.

Guns.

2-4'7 in.

4-3 pdr.

GÖTA

Torpedo Tubes.

5-14 in.

3-18 in.

Gotha Line, owned and managed by Messrs. Jonsson Sternhagen and Co., of Göthenburg, have a fleet of first-class steamers, carrying passengers and cargo from Göthenburg, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Havre, and Rouen, and vice versa. A service is maintained once a week between Göthenburg, Antwerp, Rouen and Rotterdam, and every fortnight from Göthenburg to Rouen and Havre.

Göthenburg Yacht Club, Royal. See Royal Göthenburg Yacht Club.

Gothic (1893). British subsidised merchant ship. White Star Line (q.v.). Dimensions, 490 × 53 × 33 ft.; gross tonnage, 7,755; passenger accommodation, 250; Hp., 5,000 = 15 kts.

Gough, Admiral Frederick William, C.B., 1875 (b. 1824). Educated Brussels; entered Navy, 1838; mate of President at Cape of Good Hope; served in Kaffir war, 1846; in command of party of bluejackets, field piece, and rocket tube; received official thanks of the Government and Commanderin-Chief (Kaffir medal); in galley of Cleopatra captured an armed slaver in the Mozambique Channel. Senior lieutenant of H.M.S. London at bombardment of Sebastopol, 1854, subsequently served for nine months in trenches before Sebastopol in command of 150 men, was wounded, and promoted to the rank of Commander for distinguished service (Crimean, Turkish and Sardinian medals, Sebastopol clasp; Knight of the Legion of Honour and 5th Class Medjidie); received promotion to captain for zeal during six years' service in command of Hastings division of coastguards. Emigration officer and nautical surveyor, Liverpool, 1864-79; has been five times gazetted for distinguished service.

GRAFTON

Gourock Yacht Club. Established 1894. Commodore, D. McPherson; Vice-Commodore, J. Clark Neill; Rear-Commodore, R. M. Mann; Treasurer, J. McInglis; Secretary, W. B. Stevenson, 112 Bath Street, Glasgow. Entrance fee, £1 Is.; annual subscription, £I IS.

gov. Abbreviation for government.

Governolo. Italian gun-boat. (Venice, 1896.) Length, 185 ft.; beam, 34 ft.; draught, 14 ft.; displacement, 1,235 tons; complement, 131; armament, 4 4'7-in., 2 1'4-in., 2 Maxims; Hp., 1,100= 13 kts.; coal, 200 tons.

Governor Fenner. From Liverpool for America, was run down off Holyhead by the steamer Nottingham, of Dublin, February 19, 1841.

Gow, Harrison and Co., with their head office in Glasgow, have a fleet of 13 modern cargo steamers engaged in the carriage of freight to various parts of the world. This firm is the outcome of the amalgamation of Allan C. Gow and Co. and P. H. Dixon and Harrison.

G.R. Distinguishing letters on sea fishing boats registered at Gloucester, England.

Gr., Grn. Green (near a buoy or light). Abbreviation adopted on the charts issued by the Hydrographic Office, Admiralty.

Gr. Abbreviation for Greek.

G.R.A. Distinguishing letters on sea fishing boats registered at Grauw, Holland.

Graah, Captain. See Arctic Exploration.

Gradient. The difference in pressure, temperature or other meteorological element per unit of distance.

Graft. Ornamenting a rope with weavings of fine yarn.

Grafton. British armoured cruiser (1892). Length 360ft. Beam 60ft. Maximum draught 26ft. Complement 540. Displacement 7,350 tons. Armour.

Guns. 2-9'2 in., 30 cal. 10-6 in., 40 cal. 12-6 pdr.

5-3 pdr.

2 Maxims.

"Steel."

5 in. Deck.

7 in. Big gun shields.

6 in. Casemates.

12 in. Conning tower.

Torpedo Tubes (18 in.).

2 Submerged.

Twin screw. Hp. natural 10,000=185 kts., forced 12,000 = 19'5 kts. Coal maximum 1,250 tons. Approximate cost £430,000.

Graham, General Sir James, K.C.B., cr. 1902 (b. Malta). Royal Marines, retired. Served in Baltic Expedition, 1854-55, including the destruction of telegraph stations (medal); served in H.M.S. Agamemnon when engaged in laying Atlantic Telegraph Cable; H.M.S. Black Prince when towing floating dock to Bermuda; commanded a battalion of marines during the campaign in Egypt, 1882; present at the seizure of the Suez Canal during insurrection under Arabi Pasha (mentioned in despatches, "London Gazette," September 2 and November 2, 1882); present at the actions of Telel-Mahuta, Mahsemah, Kassassin, and Tel-el-Kebir (medal, Tel-el-Kebir clasp, Khedive's Star, and Osmanieh, 4th Class).

Graham, Marquis of, James, D.L. (b. 1878). Eldest son of Duke of Montrose. Educated Eton; served as an apprentice in the ship Hesperus and as a volunteer for two years in H.M.S. Volage, naval training squadron. In 1899 went as navigating officer in Lord Brassey's yacht the Sunbeam on her voyage home from Australia; in 1900 served in the South African war with the Naval Brigade landed from H.M.S. Doris; commander of the Clyde Division, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve; is a member of the Admiralty Volunteer Committee for administering this force; holds a yacht master's certificate. Associate member of the Institution of Naval Architects, of the Merchants' Guild, and also of the Scottish Ship Masters' Society.

Publications: Has published numerous articles in technical and other magazines.

Graham, Sir James R. G. See Admiralty.

Graham, Sir William, G.C.B., cr. 1902, K.C.B., cr. 1887 (b. 1825). British admiral. Entered Royal Navy, 1842; served in H.M.S. Waterwitch, December, 1851, and was engaged in the first attack on Lagos; also present at the second and successful attack on Lagos; was gazetted June, 1854, for services in the Gulf of Bothnia when serving in H.M.S. Leopard, and again in February, 1885, for services rendered against Kertch (Baltic, Crimean and Turkish medals, Sebastopol clasp); promoted to the rank of commander for services rendered in China War, 1857-58 (China medal, Canton clasp); commanded the Immortality, 1871-72; Resistance, 1874; Britannia, 1874-77; Admiral Superintendent Malta Dockyard, 1881-85; Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and Controller of the Navy, 1885; President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1888-91; retired, 1891.

Grain cargo. In order to secure stability the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894 (sections 452-456), makes special regulations for every ship carrying corn, rice, paddy, pulse, seeds, nuts, or nut kernels, which amount to more than one-third of such ship's registered tonnage. For failure to take necessary and reasonable precautions against shifting the master or agent may be fined £300. Where a

GRAMPUS

British grain ship is bound from a Mediterranean or Black Sea port to ports outside the Straits of Gibraltar, or where a British ship is laden with grain in North America, the following special precautions are enforced, unless the vessel be loaded or built in a manner approved by the Board of Trade.

1. No grain in bulk shall be carried between decks, except such as is necessary for feeding the cargo in the hold, and is carried in proper feeders.

2. Where grain is carried in bulk in any hold, and proper provision for filling the same with feeders is not made, not less than one-quarter of the grain in such hold shall be in bags supported on platforms laid on the grain in bulk. This section does not apply to:

(a) Oats or cotton seed;

(b) Sailing ships of less than 400 tons, not engaged in American trade ;

(c) Ships laden in the Mediterranean or Black Sea, if divided into compartments and fitted with longitudinal bulkheads or shifting boards, and if not carrying more than one-fourth of the grain cargo, and more than 1,500 quarters in any one compartment, provided each division of the lower hold is fitted with proper feeders;

(d) Ships in which the grain does not exceed onehalf of the whole cargo, and the rest of the cargo consists of cotton, wool, flax, barrels or sacks of flour, or other suitable cargo so stowed as to prevent the grain in any compartment from shifting.

3. Where grain is carried in the hold or between decks, whether in bags or bulk, the hold or space between decks shall be divided by a longitudinal bulkhead or sufficient shifting boards which extend from deck to deck or from deck to keelson and are properly secured, and if the grain is in bulk are fitted grain-tight with proper fillings between the beams.

4. In loading the grain shall be properly stowed, trimmed and secured. Before leaving, or within 48 hours after leaving, her final port, the master of every grain ship sailing from ports in the seas or country mentioned above shall deliver notice of her draught, the grain carried, and its quantity, the mode of storage, and precautions taken against shifting to the British consular officer, or, if in a British port, to the chief Customs officer, who shall forward it to the Board of Trade as soon as practicable.

Grain clause. See Clauses.

Grampus. U.S. submarine. (San Francisco, 1902.). Length, 63 ft.; beam, 11 ft.; displacement, 120 tons; complement, 5; torpedo tubes, 1 ; Hp., 160-8 kts. above, 7 below.

Grampus. A cetacean (Phocaena Orca). Closely akin to a porpoise, but much larger, being sometimes 20 ft. long. It is black above water, and white below.