Visual Problems in Childhood

abnormal accommodation adult amblyopia American appear assessment associated become binocular birth cause cells changes child clinical colour common condition contrast sensitivity corneal correction defects depend difficulties disease disorders distance Down's syndrome early effect estimates et al examination example Figure findings fixation frequency function give glucose grating growth human hypermetropia important increase indicate infants Journal learning lens lenses less letter limited looking measurement method months movements newborn normal nystagmus object observed obtained occlusion occur older Ophthalmology optic parents particularly patient pattern performed Physiological position possible practitioner preference present problems procedure produce pupil range reading recording reduced refractive error relatively Research response result retinal screening severe sometimes spatial frequency spectacles squint stimulus strabismus studies suggested syndrome technique treatment usually vision visual acuity weeks young children