The Development and Application of a New Method to Test the Relative Effectiveness of Specific Visual Production Techniques for Instructional Television |
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ability to answer ability to recall acoustically reinforced analysis of variance answers correct attitude scales audio reinforced camera number charts chi square closed-circuit television column concealed rackover constant close-up contrast df favor dolly experiment 13 experimental eye contact F df F-NR fast-slow fixed camera group saw immediate recall instructional content instructional presentation instructional television interesting-boring lecture content lecture items level of significance lively-dead mark number coded metrical analysis n t df notetaking objective questions on-air rackover one-camera organizational Pennsylvania State University picture Post C 83 Post D 76 replication revealed rhythmic switching satisfactory-unsatisfactory scale variable Scored for number semantic differential semester shot variety significant differences source df SS Statistical test Students were tested superimposition switcher symbols television director television presentations Test 2 Student test analysis test Table tests measurement 2--trial tests trial variable trials Tables variance measurement l--trial video dimension video plus audio viewing room visual aids