Pakistani English: The Linguistic Description of a Non-native Variety of English

acrolectal acrolectal speakers adjective Arabic armed forces auxiliary basilect Baumgardner 1987 Borrowing British English casual speech Catford complementation consonantal clusters definite article different from BSE educated English in Pakistan English Language epenthetic vowel example following sentence Fricative given in Q2 Gokhale grammatical Hindi IE Nihalani IE see Nihalani Indian English Indian Muslim culture indigenous intelligible Islamabad Islamic Jibril Kachru lexical items linguistic Mehrotra mesolectal model of English Nigerian English non-native Englishes non-native varieties norm nouns paedagogical Pakistan Studies Pakistani culture Pakistani English Pakistani languages perfective aspect Persian phonetic phonological Pidgin English prepositions pronunciation Punjabi Pushto refer respondents consider respondents ticked Semantic Change Sindhi Sindhi since 1960 Singaporean South Asian English speakers of English standard stative verbs stress students prevented studying Sindhi sub-varieties syllable ticked as correct to-infinitive Trudgill and Hannah University Urdu usage users of Variety varieties of English Whitworth 1907 words