Methods and Measurements of Periphyton Communities: A Review

abundance algae algal community American Microscopical Society artificial streams artificial substrates ash-free dry weight assessment associated attached Aufwuchs Aufwuchs community autotrophic benthic benthos biological biomass Cairns Carbon fixation cellular chlorophyll coefficients collected colonization community structure dead diatoms determine dextrose diatoms ecosystems effects empty frustules Environmental factors filamentous frustules growth habitat heterotrophic indicated Limnology and Oceanography methods mg/litre microcommunities model streams monitoring munity natural substrates nontaxonomic number of individuals number of species nutrients organic carbon estimates oxygen Patrick percent periphytic periphyton communities PF units photosynthesis phytoplankton plankton pollution primary production protozoan ratio reference streams relative replicate samples Research Review River Roanoke River sample replicates Sampler Number samplers sampling device Sandusky River similar Sladeckova slide positions Smith Mountain Lake standing crop STATION statistically stream's mean structural and functional sucrose Table tion total number treated stream treatment variability variation water quality Wetzel