Elements of Biotechnology

achieved activity amino acids antibiotics antigen Autoclave bacteria biotechnology cDNA cell cultures cell lines Chapter chemical chloroplast chromosome cloned coli conservation crop degradation derived described developed discussed disease DNA segment DNA sequences effluents electrophoresis embryo enzyme explants expression extract fermentation fertilization fragments fusion gene transfer genetic engineering genome glucose growth haploids herbicide human hybridoma hybrids immobilized immunity include the following India industry interferon involved isolated large number linkage loci maize maps medium membrane methods micro-organisms microbial molecular markers monoclonal antibodies mouse mutant nucleotides obtained organisms patent phage plasmid polymorphism potato prepared primers probes production of transgenic protein engineering protoplasts RAPD recombinant regeneration region resistance restriction RFLP RFLP maps seed selection serum somatic somatic hybrids specific sterile stranded substrate synthesis T-DNA Table technique Ti plasmid tissue culture tobacco tomato transformation transgenic plants treatment utilized vaccines variety vector virus viruses vitro yeast