Debt, the IMF, and the World Bank: Sixty Questions, Sixty AnswersMainstream economists tell us that developing countries will replicate the economic achievements of the rich countries if they implement the correct “free-market”policies. But scholars and activists Toussaint and Millet demonstrate that this is patently false. Drawing on a wealth of detailed evidence, they explain how developed economies have systematically and deliberately exploited the less-developed economies by forcing them into unequal trade and political relationships. Integral to this arrangement are the international economic institutions ostensibly created to safeguard the stability of the global economy—the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank—and the imposition of massive foreign debt on poor countries. The authors explain in simple language, and ample use of graphics, the multiple contours of this exploitative system, its history, and how it continues to function in the present day. |
Contents
Abbreviations | 10 |
Why is the term development ambiguous? | 19 |
What are the Millennium Development Goals MDG? | 27 |
What are the different kinds of debt | 44 |
What part did the World Bank play in | 51 |
What part did the governments of countries | 61 |
THE DEBT CRISIS | 71 |
How did the price of commodities evolve during the last quarter of the twentieth century? | 73 |
How has the debt changed since 1970? | 150 |
Do developing countries repay debts? | 152 |
What about the external public debt of developing countries? | 155 |
How are the debtrelated financial flows directed? | 161 |
What about the domestic debt of developing countries? | 164 |
How did the debt relief initiative come about? | 173 |
What was contained in the latest debt relief | 188 |
Does Official Development Assistance ODA | 197 |
What role did the evolution of interest rates play in the 1982 debt crisis? | 75 |
Are the World Bank the IMF and private banks somehow responsible for the debt crisis? | 79 |
How did creditors respond to the debt crisis? | 82 |
Are there any similarities with the 2007 subprime crisis? | 88 |
THE IMF THE WORLD BANK AND THE LOGIC OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT | 93 |
How does the IMF function? | 95 |
What are the shortterm or shock measures imposed by structural adjustment and what are their consequences? | 106 |
What are the longterm or structural measures imposed by structural adjustment and what are their consequences? | 109 |
What is the impact of the IMFWorld Bank logic on the world food crisis of 2007? | 119 |
THE PARIS CLUB AND THE WTO | 125 |
What is the Paris Club? | 127 |
Are all the developing countries treated in the same way by the Paris Club? | 131 |
What is undermining the Paris Club? | 135 |
What is the role of the World Trade Organization WTO? | 138 |
THE STRUCTURE OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEBT | 143 |
Of what does the external debt of developing countries consist? | 145 |
Is microcredit a solution to the excessive debt | 204 |
What is NEPAD? | 211 |
Is it impossible to cancel debt? | 217 |
Why do the governments of the South | 228 |
What are the moral arguments in favor of canceling | 239 |
What are the legal arguments in favor of canceling | 246 |
What are the environmental arguments in favor | 254 |
Would canceling the debt of developing countries | 269 |
Will canceling the debt help reinforce | 276 |
What are the alternatives for human development | 287 |
If and when the debt is canceled how can a new round | 302 |
Can the developing countries external public debt | 315 |
How did the international campaign | 321 |
The 145 Developing Countries in 2008 | 329 |
Notes | 347 |
Other editions - View all
Debt, the IMF, and the World Bank: Sixty Questions, Sixty Answers Eric Toussaint,Damien Millet Limited preview - 2010 |
Debt, the IMF, and the World Bank: Sixty Questions, Sixty Answers Eric Toussaint,Damien Millet Limited preview - 2010 |
Debt, the IMF, and the World Bank: Sixty Questions, Sixty Answers Eric Toussaint,Damien Millet Limited preview - 2010 |