A Handbook of Determinative Methods in Clay Mineralogy

400 WAVENUMBER absorption acid adsorbed aggregates allophane aluminium ammonium amorphous anions antigorite bands basal reflections beidellite boehmite Brindley carbon cations centrifuge characterized charge chlorite chrysotile clay materials clay minerals clay particles Clays & Clay cm¹ complex components composition crystal crystalline decomposition determination diagnostic dickite diffraction patterns diffractometer dilute dithionite DTA curves electron beam electron microscopy electron-diffraction exchangeable cations extraction ferrous iron Figure gibbsite goethite halloysite heating identification illite illite-smectite imogolite impurities infrared intensity interlayer interstratified ions iron oxides kaolinite layer lepidocrocite litre Mackenzie material in soils measured methods mica micrograph Mineralogical mixture montmorillonite morphology obtained occur octahedral oriented oxalate palygorskite peak platy quantitative quartz reaction reagent sample saponite saturating sediments sepiolite silicate silicon smectite sodium soil clays Soil Sci solution spacing specimen spectra structural formula surface techniques temperature tetrahedral thermal analysis thermoanalytical Trimethylsilylation trioctahedral vermiculite WAVENUMBER WAVENUMBER cm well-crystallized X-ray diffraction yield